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Hyperglycemia reduces integrin subunits alpha v and alpha 5 on the surface of dermal fibroblasts contributing to

Maira Estanislau S Almeida1, Kelly S Monteiro1, Ellen E Kato2

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil.

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
|August 19, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Diabetes impairs wound healing by affecting fibroblast function. High glucose reduces integrin expression in diabetic fibroblasts, hindering cell adhesion and migration, crucial for tissue repair.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Dermatology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Diabetic patients exhibit impaired wound healing due to multifactorial complications.
  • The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying delayed wound healing in diabetes are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of hyperglycemia on integrin expression in rat dermal fibroblasts.
  • To determine the role of altered integrin expression in diabetic fibroblast cell adhesion and migration.

Main Methods:

  • Diabetes Mellitus was induced in rats using streptozotocin.
  • Dermal fibroblasts from control and diabetic rats were cultured under low or high glucose conditions.
  • Cell adhesion, migration, and integrin subunit (αv, α5) expression were analyzed using kymography, transwell assays, time-lapse imaging, immunocytochemistry, and western blotting.

Main Results:

  • Fibroblasts from diabetic rats showed reduced migration speed and delayed spreading.
  • A decrease in integrin subunits α5 and αv was observed in diabetic fibroblasts.
  • A diminished fibronectin matrix surrounding diabetic fibroblasts was noted.
  • Supplementation with exogenous fibronectin partially improved migration velocity and αv expression in diabetic fibroblasts.

Conclusions:

  • Hyperglycemia negatively affects fibroblast function, contributing to impaired wound healing in diabetes.
  • Reduced expression of integrins αv and α5 and altered fibronectin interactions are key mechanisms involved.
Keywords:
Cell migrationDiabetes mellitusFibroblastFibronectinHigh glucoseWound healing

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