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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Skeletal muscles are composed of a bundle of muscle fibers and are attached to bones through tendons. Each skeletal muscle fiber is a single muscle cell. The sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell, consists of a lipid bilayer and glycocalyx that supports muscle fibers. The sarcolemma extends into the muscle cells to form tubular structures called transverse or T-tubules. Each side of the T-tubules consists of a membrane-bound structure called the sarcoplasmic reticulum,...
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Self-esteem, a crucial component of psychological development, is significantly shaped by familial experiences. The early parent-child relationship serves as a foundational influence on a child's self-concept, with long-lasting effects extending into adolescence and adulthood.Parental Behaviors and Early Self-Esteem FormationEmpirical studies have identified four principal parental behaviors that foster healthy self-esteem in children. These include expressions of acceptance, affection, and...
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Bulimia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by a cyclical pattern of binge-and-purge eating pattern. It generally involves an episode of binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, excessive exercise, laxative use, or fasting, to prevent weight gain. Despite often maintaining a normal weight, individuals with bulimia are intensely preoccupied with their body image and harbor an overwhelming fear of gaining weight. This can contribute to the...
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Muscle dysmorphia: current insights.

David Tod1, Christian Edwards2, Ieuan Cranswick1

  • 1School of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, Merseyside.

Psychology Research and Behavior Management
|August 19, 2016
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Summary

Muscle dysmorphia research has grown since 1997, yet understanding remains limited. More studies are needed on its causes, prevalence, and effective treatments for at-risk individuals.

Keywords:
body imagemental healthpsychopathologyself-perceptions

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Muscle dysmorphia, characterized by a belief in insufficient muscularity, has seen increased research since 1997.
  • Current understanding is largely based on nonclinical samples and descriptive studies, primarily of Western males.
  • Existing knowledge often focuses on definitional characteristics, with limited insight into etiology, prevalence, and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significant gaps in current knowledge regarding muscle dysmorphia.
  • To emphasize the need for broader research questions and methodologies.
  • To advocate for further investigation into the condition's public health implications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on muscle dysmorphia.
  • Analysis of research trends and limitations.
  • Identification of areas requiring further empirical investigation.

Main Results:

  • Research on muscle dysmorphia is expanding but remains limited in scope and depth.
  • A significant lack of understanding exists concerning the condition's etiology, prevalence, nosology, prognosis, and treatment.
  • Current evidence is predominantly based on small, unstandardized studies of Western males.

Conclusions:

  • Substantial knowledge advancement is needed in muscle dysmorphia research.
  • Further research should focus on well-defined populations and diverse methodologies.
  • Addressing these research gaps is crucial for improving clinical support and public health strategies for individuals affected by muscle dysmorphia.