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Averting the Legacy of Kidney Disease - Focus on Childhood

Julie R Ingelfinger1, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh2, Franz Schaefer3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Los Angeles, Calif., USA; Pediatric Nephrology, Los Angeles, Calif., USA; Pediactrics, Mass General Hospital for Children at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA.

Kidney Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 19, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Childhood kidney disease, often stemming from congenital issues, can lead to adult chronic kidney disease (CKD). Early detection and treatment are crucial for at-risk children to prevent long-term health problems.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Nephrology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Kidney disease in childhood presents unique challenges, differing significantly from adult presentations.
  • Congenital anomalies and inherited disorders are primary causes in children, unlike glomerulopathies or diabetes-related kidney issues common in adults.
  • Acute kidney injury in childhood can lead to long-term sequelae, including hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight kidney disease in childhood and its role as a precursor to adult kidney disease.
  • To emphasize the importance of early detection and intervention for at-risk newborns and children.
  • To advocate for equitable access to effective treatment for pediatric kidney disease globally.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pediatric kidney disease epidemiology and risk factors.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes for advanced childhood CKD.
  • Examination of global disparities in healthcare access for pediatric kidney patients.

Main Results:

  • Congenital anomalies and inherited disorders are the leading causes of pediatric CKD.
  • Premature birth and low birth weight increase the risk of developing CKD later in life.
  • Children generally have better outcomes than adults with kidney replacement therapy, though it's needed by a minority.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification and management of risk factors in infancy and childhood are critical for preventing adult CKD.
  • Effective therapeutic options exist for advanced pediatric CKD, including dialysis and transplantation.
  • Addressing healthcare access disparities is essential to ensure all children with kidney disease receive timely and effective care.

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