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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

61.2K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

8.8K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
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Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
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Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
44.7K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

2.2K
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
2.2K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

3.6K
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices
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Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices

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The Geometry of Visual Cortical Maps.

Jose Manuel Alonso1

  • 1Department of Biological and Visual Sciences, State University of New York, College of Optometry, New York, New York 10036, USA.

Neuron
|August 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered a geometric map-topography in the primary visual cortex. This map precisely represents visual space, clarifying how visual parameters are organized.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual processing
  • Cortical mapping

Background:

  • The topographic organization of the primary visual cortex (V1) is crucial for visual perception.
  • Understanding how multiple visual parameters are mapped within V1 remains a significant challenge in neuroscience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatial organization of visual representations in the primary visual cortex.
  • To elucidate the topographic relationships between different visual parameters within V1.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced neuroimaging techniques to analyze neural activity in response to visual stimuli.
  • Employed computational models to assess the geometric properties of visual maps.

Main Results:

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Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example
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Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example

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Related Experiment Videos

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  • Revealed a nearly geometric map-topography coexisting within V1.
  • Demonstrated a precise representation of visual space, integrating various visual parameters.

    • Conclusions:

    • The primary visual cortex exhibits a highly organized spatial structure.
    • This geometric mapping provides a framework for understanding complex visual processing in V1.