MRI of lower extremity impingement and friction syndromes in children

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Radiology
• Musculoskeletal Imaging
• Orthopedic Syndromes

Background:

• Lower extremity impingement and friction syndromes occur in children, presenting with pain and potentially mimicking more serious conditions.
• These syndromes affect the hip (femoroacetabular, iliopsoas, subspine, ischiofemoral impingement), knee (patellar tendon-lateral femoral condyle friction, iliotibial band friction, medial synovial plica syndrome), and hindfoot (talocalcaneal impingement).

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of lower extremity impingement and friction syndromes in the pediatric population.
• To provide updated pathophysiologic and clinical data relevant to these pediatric musculoskeletal conditions.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature and imaging findings related to pediatric lower extremity impingement and friction syndromes.
• Focus on characteristic MRI features for diagnosis.

Main Results:

• Recently described impingements like iliopsoas, subspine, and ischiofemoral impingements are gaining relevance in pediatric cases.
• Specific MRI findings are key to diagnosing these often rare pediatric syndromes.
• Recent emphasis on femoroacetabular and talocalcaneal impingements in children.

Conclusions:

• Pediatric radiologists must be aware of these syndromes and their characteristic MRI findings.
• Accurate diagnosis through MRI is essential for appropriate management of pediatric lower extremity pain.
• This review aids in recognizing and diagnosing these conditions in children.