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Genetic and epigenetic cancer chemoprevention on molecular targets during multistage carcinogenesis

Hyung Sik Kim1, Sam Kacew2, Byung Mu Lee3

  • 1Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 440-746, Republic of Korea.

Archives of Toxicology
|August 20, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Cancer chemoprevention uses compounds to halt cancer progression by targeting genetic damage, cell cycles, and inflammation. New strategies identify biomarkers for efficacy, focusing on molecular pathways and epigenetic modifications for disease prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cancer chemoprevention aims to prevent or delay carcinogenesis using synthetic or natural compounds.
  • Key strategies involve inhibiting genetic damage, regulating cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and reducing inflammation.
  • A new paradigm focuses on biomarkers for evaluating chemopreventive efficacy across carcinogenesis stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the genetic and epigenetic effects of chemopreventive agents on cancer-related genes.
  • To highlight the role of epigenetic alterations like DNA methylation and histone modifications.
  • To present strategies for reducing cancer and aging-related diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on cancer chemoprevention strategies.
  • Analysis of molecular targets modulated by chemopreventive agents, including signaling pathways (NF-κB, Nrf2, p53, AMPK/mTOR, PI3K, EGFR, COX-2, CXCR2, S1P).
  • Examination of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modifications).

Main Results:

  • Chemopreventive agents modulate key molecular pathways crucial for carcinogenesis intervention.
  • Epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, play a significant role in mediating the effects of chemopreventive agents.
  • Identification of specific biomarkers aids in evaluating the efficacy of chemopreventive agents.

Conclusions:

  • Chemoprevention offers a promising approach to reduce cancer incidence and progression.
  • Understanding the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms enhances the development of novel chemopreventive strategies.
  • This review provides insights into effective strategies for combating cancer and aging-related diseases.
Keywords:
BiomarkersChemopreventionEpigeneticGeneticInflammationMultistage

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