Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

8.7K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
8.7K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

6.4K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
6.4K
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

4.4K
The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
4.4K
Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

2.5K
Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
2.5K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

4.1K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
4.1K
Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

3.7K
The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair...
3.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The landscape of serum autoantibodies in lupus nephritis.

Autoimmunity reviews·2026
Same author

Italian Society of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (SIPMeL) guidelines on the use of autoantibody tests in the diagnosis of autoimmune liver diseases.

Autoimmunity reviews·2026
Same author

Validation of a Multiparametric, Automated, Macroarray-Based Assay for the Detection of Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Liver Disease.

Journal of clinical laboratory analysis·2026
Same author

Immune correlates underlying small fiber neuropathy presenting as vaccine-associated post-acute SARS- coronavirus syndrome.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Autoimmune gastritis in children: A prospective cohort with serologic screening in at-risk patients.

Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition·2026
Same author

First demyelinating attack in children: A twelve year single center cohort.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.4K

Unexpected Elevated Free Thyroid Hormones in Pregnancy.

Claudia Teti1, Elena Nazzari1, Marina Raffaella Galletti2

  • 11 Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova , IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy .

Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association
|August 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid hormone autoantibodies (THAb) can cause falsely elevated free thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy. This case highlights the importance of considering THAb when lab results conflict with a patient's clinical status.

Keywords:
hypothyroidism in pregnancythyroid autoantibodiesthyroid autoimmunitythyroid function in pregnancythyroid hormone autoantibodies

More Related Videos

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
10:19

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Published on: November 10, 2014

26.5K
A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta
11:44

A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta

Published on: September 27, 2017

11.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.4K
Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
10:19

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Published on: November 10, 2014

26.5K
A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta
11:44

A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta

Published on: September 27, 2017

11.9K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • Thyroid function tests, including thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroid hormones (fT3, fT4), are standard for assessing thyroid status.
  • Discrepancies between TSH and free thyroid hormone levels can occur, potentially misrepresenting a patient's true thyroid condition.

Observation:

  • A pregnant patient with autoimmune thyroiditis presented with clinically euthyroid status but elevated fT3 and fT4 levels by one-step assay.
  • Thyroid hormone levels normalized postpartum, and total thyroid hormone levels were consistent with TSH during pregnancy.
  • Thyroid hormone autoantibodies (THAb) were suspected due to assay interference and confirmed via a two-step method and direct antibody testing.

Findings:

  • Transient appearance of THAb during pregnancy can lead to falsely elevated free thyroid hormone measurements using one-step immunoassays.
  • Two-step assay methods can accurately measure free thyroid hormones in the presence of THAb.
  • Thyroid hormone autoantibodies can interfere with thyroid function assays, leading to diagnostic challenges.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should consider THAb in pregnant patients with discordant thyroid function test results and clinical presentation.
  • Accurate diagnosis of thyroid status during pregnancy is crucial for maternal and fetal well-being.
  • This case represents a rare instance of transient THAb during pregnancy, emphasizing the need for careful laboratory test interpretation.