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Updated: Mar 16, 2026

A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies
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A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies

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Emerging monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

Michael B Atkins1, George K Philips2

  • 1a Department of Oncology , Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center , Washington , DC , USA.

Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs
|August 20, 2016
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Immune checkpoint inhibitors like nivolumab have improved outcomes for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Future RCC treatments will likely involve combination therapies and biomarkers to enhance patient selection and survival.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was historically resistant to treatments.
  • The development of immune modulating and targeted agents, including monoclonal antibodies, has transformed RCC therapy.
  • Nivolumab, an anti-PD1 antibody, demonstrated improved survival and response rates in previously treated RCC patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of tumor immunology and immune escape mechanisms in RCC.
  • To describe the mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications of ipilimumab, nivolumab, and atezolizumab in RCC.
  • To identify key research areas in biomarker development and combination therapies for RCC.

Main Methods:

  • Review of tumor immunology, including tumor-specific immune responses and immune escape.
  • Description of mechanisms of action for ipilimumab, nivolumab, and atezolizumab.
  • Analysis of current research in biomarker development and combination therapies for RCC.

Main Results:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown significant clinical benefit in advanced RCC.
  • Combination therapies, such as anti-PD1 with ipilimumab or VEGF pathway blockers, are under investigation.
  • Biomarker development is crucial for patient selection in RCC treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Future RCC therapeutics will focus on combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
  • Overall survival will remain a key benchmark for new drug approvals in RCC.
  • Biomarker validation is essential for optimizing patient selection for specific RCC therapies.
Keywords:
AtezolizumabVEGF pathway inhibitorsimmune checkpoint inhibitorsmonoclonal antibodiesnivolumabrenal cell carcinoma

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