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An unrecognized function for COPII components in recruiting the viral replication protein BMV 1a to the perinuclear

Jianhui Li1, Shai Fuchs2, Jiantao Zhang1

  • 1Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.

Journal of Cell Science
|August 20, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Brome mosaic virus (BMV) replication protein 1a localization to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane requires the coat protein complex II (COPII) pathway. This finding reveals a novel role for COPII in targeting viral proteins to the perinuclear ER.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Positive-strand RNA viruses assemble replication complexes on host intracellular membranes.
  • The precise targeting mechanisms of viral replication proteins to specific organelle membranes remain unclear.
  • Brome mosaic virus (BMV) replication involves remodeling of the outer perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane by its replication protein 1a (BMV 1a).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism by which BMV 1a is targeted to the perinuclear ER membrane for viral replication complex assembly.
  • To identify host factors involved in the ER membrane recruitment of BMV 1a.

Main Methods:

  • Yeast-based replication system (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
  • Co-immunoprecipitation assays to detect protein interactions.
  • Localization studies using microscopy in wild-type and mutant yeast strains.
  • Analysis of COPII pathway components (Erv14, Sec13, Sec24, Sec31).

Main Results:

  • BMV 1a interacts with Erv14, a cargo receptor of the coat protein complex II (COPII) pathway.
  • Loss of ERV14 or functional COPII components disrupts the perinuclear ER localization of BMV 1a.
  • BMV 1a localization can be restored by adding a Sec24-binding signal or overexpressing Sec24, indicating a role for Sec24.
  • These findings suggest a coordinated function of Erv14 and Sec24 in BMV 1a targeting.

Conclusions:

  • The COPII pathway, typically involved in protein secretion, plays a critical, previously unrecognized role in targeting viral proteins to the perinuclear ER membrane.
  • Erv14 and Sec24 cooperate to ensure the proper localization of BMV 1a, essential for viral replication.
  • This study uncovers a novel function for COPII coat proteins in viral RNA replication.
Keywords:
COPIIErv14Positive-strand RNA virusesProtein perinuclear ER localizationViral replication complexesViral replication protein targeting

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