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Retinal vascular changes in hypertensive patients in Ibadan, Sub-Saharan Africa

Sunday Tunji Oluleye1, Bolutife Ayokunu Olusanya1, Abiodun Moshood Adeoye2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology.

International Journal of General Medicine
|August 20, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Hypertensive retinopathy is not rare in Nigerian patients, with nearly 20% showing changes. This study highlights significant retinal vascular occlusions and links left ventricular changes to retinopathy severity.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Previous studies in Nigeria suggested retinal vascular changes in hypertensive patients were rare.
  • This study aimed to document the prevalence and types of retinal vascular changes in Nigerian hypertensive individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the spectrum of retinal vascular changes in hypertensive patients in Nigeria.
  • To investigate the association between cardiac changes and hypertensive retinopathy.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study of 903 hypertensive patients in Ibadan, Nigeria.
  • Fundoscopy and fundus photography were performed; cardiac echocardiography was done for a subset.
  • Data analyzed using SPSS, with statistical significance set at P<0.05.

Main Results:

  • 19.4% of patients exhibited hypertensive retinopathy.
  • Retinal vascular occlusions were common, including branch retinal vein occlusion (4.7%) and central retinal vein occlusion (3.3%).
  • Abnormal left ventricular geometry was found in 55.5% of patients, with LV hypertrophy in 27%; relative wall thickness correlated with retinopathy severity (Spearman's rho=0.6, P=0.0004).

Conclusions:

  • Hypertensive retinal vascular changes are prevalent in Ibadan, Nigeria, contrary to earlier reports.
  • Retinal vascular occlusions and hypertensive choroidopathy are significant findings.
  • Cardiac structural changes, particularly left ventricular relative wall thickness, are associated with the severity of hypertensive retinopathy.
Abstract

Keywords:
Ibadanhypertensive retinopathyleft ventricular wall thicknessretinal vascular changesretinal vascular occlusion

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