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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention
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Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

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Finger Forces in Clarinet Playing.

Alex Hofmann1, Werner Goebl1

  • 1The Austrian Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence (OFAI)Vienna, Austria; Institute of Music Acoustics (IWK), University of Music and Performing Arts ViennaVienna, Austria.

Frontiers in Psychology
|August 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study analyzed clarinet finger forces and tongue articulation in students and professionals. Professionals used less force, and finger precision impacted tongue timing at faster speeds.

Keywords:
articulationclarinet performancefinger forcesmotor actionssensorstiming

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Area of Science:

  • Music Performance Science
  • Biomechanics of Musical Instruments
  • Human-Computer Interaction (Musical)

Background:

  • Clarinettists manipulate pitch by opening/closing tone holes, requiring precise, coordinated finger and tongue technique.
  • Understanding the biomechanics of clarinet playing is crucial for technique development and injury prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate finger force profiles and tongue techniques in clarinet students and professionals.
  • To analyze the impact of expressive and technical playing conditions on these parameters.
  • To explore the interaction between finger and tongue actions in complex musical passages.

Main Methods:

  • Empirical study using a sensor-equipped Viennese clarinet to record finger forces and reed oscillations.
  • Performance tasks included expressive excerpts (Weber Concerto) and a technical 23-tone melody.
  • Experimental conditions varied register, tempo, dynamics, and expression levels.

Main Results:

  • Overall finger forces were low (mean 1.17 N, max 3.05 N), with higher forces during high expression (mean 1.21 N).
  • Professional players used significantly less finger force (mean 0.54 N) than students.
  • Finger timing precision negatively affected tongue timing precision in combined actions, especially at faster tempos.

Conclusions:

  • Sensor instruments offer valuable insights into player-instrument interactions in clarinet performance.
  • Findings suggest potential for sensor feedback in music education to refine technique.
  • The study highlights the complex interplay between motor control and musical expression.