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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

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Dysrhythmia management involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments, medical procedures, surgical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and patient education.Pharmacological ManagementAntiarrhythmic Drugs:Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers): This class includes quinidine and procainamide, which reduce the speed of impulse conduction in the heart, stabilize the cardiac membrane, and control arrhythmias. Quinidine and procainamide are Class IA agents that prolong the...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Adrenergic stimulation generally impacts cardiac rate and rhythm. Specifically, stimulation of the β-adrenoceptors triggers an increase in intracellular calcium ion influx and pacemaker currents, which may cause arrhythmias. Catecholamines like adrenaline also demonstrate β2-adrenoceptor-mediated hypokalemia, impacting cardiac action potential and disrupting the normal cardiac rhythm. Class II antiarrhythmic drugs are β-adrenoceptor antagonists or β-blockers, which...
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Related Experiment Video

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Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
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Atrioventricular block after ASD closure.

Hiroko Asakai1, Sofia Weskamp2, Lucas Eastaugh2

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Royal Children's Hospital, Heart Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Heart Asia
|August 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Late atrioventricular (AV) block after atrial septal defect (ASD) closure is rare. Pre-existing or post-procedure AV block is the main risk factor, particularly in device closure patients, necessitating long-term follow-up.

Keywords:
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease

Background:

  • Secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) is a common congenital heart defect.
  • Limited data exists on early and late atrioventricular (AV) block following ASD closure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence and risk factors of AV block associated with ASD closure.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 378 patients undergoing ASD closure (device or surgical) between 1996-2010.
  • Data collected included demographics, procedural details, and follow-up information.

Main Results:

  • 14 patients (3.7%) experienced AV block (1 second-degree, 13 first-degree) at median 28-month follow-up.
  • In the device group, larger indexed device size correlated with AV block (p=0.02).
  • Pre- or post-procedure AV block was the only significant predictor of late AV block.

Conclusions:

  • Late AV block post-ASD repair is uncommon and appears independent of closure technique.
  • Pre-existing or post-procedure AV block is a key risk factor, especially with device closure.
  • Long-term follow-up is recommended for patients with AV block history.