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Updated: Mar 16, 2026

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Systemic Sclerosis and Malignancy: A Review of Current Data.

Nabil Zeineddine1, Lara El Khoury1, Joseph Mosak1

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Systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients face a higher cancer risk, particularly in the lungs, breasts, and blood. More research is needed to identify risk factors and develop screening guidelines for these patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is linked to an elevated risk of developing malignancies.
  • Commonly affected organ systems include the lungs, breasts, and hematological system.
  • The precise risk factors and pathogenic mechanisms underlying SSc-associated cancers remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the association between Systemic Sclerosis and malignancy.
  • To underscore the need for defined risk profiles and screening guidelines for SSc patients.
  • To emphasize the current gaps in understanding the role of immunosuppressive therapies and autoantibodies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing studies on SSc and malignancy.
  • Analysis of reported incidence rates of various cancers in SSc cohorts.
  • Evaluation of the evidence regarding risk factors, immunosuppressive therapies, and autoantibodies.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of malignancies in SSc patients varies across studies.
  • The roles of immunosuppressive treatments and specific autoantibodies in cancer development are not well-established.
  • There is a lack of clear guidelines for cancer screening in SSc patients.

Conclusions:

  • The association between SSc and cancer necessitates further investigation.
  • Development of specific screening recommendations for SSc patients is crucial.
  • Rheumatology professional organizations should consider creating tailored guidelines for clinicians.