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Aip1p Dynamics Are Altered by the R256H Mutation in Actin
Published on: July 30, 2014
Comparative Studies of Actin- and Rho-Specific ADP-Ribosylating Toxins: Insight from Structural Biology
Hideaki Tsuge1, Toshiharu Tsurumura2, Akiyuki Toda2
1Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan. tsuge@cc.kyoto-su.ac.jp.
Abstract:
Mono-ADP-ribosylation is a major post-translational modification performed by bacterial toxins, which transfer an ADP-ribose moiety to a substrate acceptor residue. Actin- and Rho-specific ADP-ribosylating toxins (ARTs) are typical ARTs known to have very similar tertiary structures but totally different targets. Actin-specific ARTs are the A components of binary toxins, ADP-ribosylate actin at Arg177, leading to the depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton. On the other hand, C3-like exoenzymes are Rho-specific ARTs, ADP-ribosylate Rho GTPases at Asn41, exerting an indirect effect on the actin cytoskeleton. This review focuses on the differences and similarities of actin- and Rho-specific ARTs, especially with respect to their substrate recognition and cell entry mechanisms, based on structural studies.
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