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Related Concept Videos

Amnesia01:13

Amnesia

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Amnesia is a condition marked by long-term memory loss, which impairs the ability to recall past events or create new memories.
The severity and duration of memory loss vary depending on the type and underlying cause. Amnesia is classified into two main types: retrograde and anterograde.
Retrograde amnesia is marked by the loss of memories formed before the onset of the condition. Patients may recall distant past events but often forget those occurring shortly before the incident.
Anterograde...
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Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
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Memory Binding Test Predicts Incident Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Wenzhu B Mowrey1,2, Richard B Lipton3,2, Mindy J Katz3,2

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.

Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD
|August 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Poor performance on the Memory Binding Test (MBT) significantly predicts a higher risk of developing amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). This test shows early disease sensitivity up to seven years in advance.

Keywords:
AgingAlzheimer’s diseasecognitiondementialongitudinal studiesmemorymild cognitive impairmentpreclinicalsurvival analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • The Memory Binding Test (MBT) distinguishes individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and dementia from cognitively normal elderly.
  • Previous research established the MBT's discriminative validity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the Memory Binding Test's (MBT) predictive validity for incident amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal, community-based study followed 246 cognitively normal older adults (aged 70+).
  • The Memory Binding Test (MBT) was administered at baseline, with a score of ≤22 on the Total Items in the Paired (TIP) condition indicating reduced memory binding.
  • Cox proportional hazards models analyzed MBT's predictive validity for incident aMCI over 4-7 year follow-up periods.

Main Results:

  • Among 246 participants, 48 developed incident aMCI.
  • A reduced MBT score at baseline was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing aMCI (HR=2.44, p=0.005).
  • The MBT remained a significant predictor of aMCI across prediction windows from 4 to 7 years (HR range: 2.33-3.12).

Conclusions:

  • Reduced performance on the MBT indicates a substantially elevated risk for developing incident aMCI.
  • The MBT's ability to predict aMCI up to seven years in advance highlights its sensitivity to early disease processes.