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Related Concept Videos

Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
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DNA replication origins-where do we begin?

Marie-Noëlle Prioleau1, David M MacAlpine2

  • 1Institut Jacques Monod, UMR7592, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite Paris Diderot, Equipe Labellisee Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, Paris 75013, France;

Genes & Development
|August 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers have identified thousands of DNA replication origins in mammalian genomes. This breakthrough allows for studying genomic features that control where and when DNA replication begins.

Keywords:
DNA replicationchromatinepigeneticsnuclear architectureorigins of DNA replication

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Identifying DNA replication origins in mammalian genomes has been a long-standing challenge.
  • Early methods identified limited replication origins, hindering comprehensive analysis of regulatory features.
  • Recent genome-wide approaches have dramatically increased the number of identified origins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advances in understanding the regulation of DNA replication origins.
  • To explore the genomic and epigenetic factors influencing replication origin distribution and usage.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide origin-mapping assays.
  • Analysis of genetic and epigenetic features at identified replication origins.

Main Results:

  • Tens of thousands of replication origins have been identified across mammalian genomes.
  • This large dataset provides an unprecedented opportunity to study origin regulation.
  • Factors such as primary sequence, chromatin environment, and nuclear architecture are implicated.

Conclusions:

  • Recent advances have revolutionized the study of DNA replication origins in mammals.
  • Understanding the interplay of sequence, chromatin, and nuclear architecture is key to explaining origin selection and activation.