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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
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Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
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Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
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Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
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Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

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Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Testing the Efficacy of Pharmacological Agents in a Pericardial Target Delivery Model in the Swine
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Digoxin therapy for cor pulmonale: A systematic review.

Wissam Alajaji1, Atallah Baydoun2, Sadeer G Al-Kindi3

  • 1Summa Cardiovascular Institute, Summa Health System, Akron, OH, United States.

International Journal of Cardiology
|August 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Digoxin offers no significant benefits for right ventricular (RV) failure patients with cor pulmonale. This systematic review found no improvements in RV ejection fraction, exercise capacity, or symptoms, highlighting the need for further research.

Keywords:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease digoxinMortalityPulmonary hypertensionRight heart failureRight ventricular function

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Right heart failure (RV failure) is linked to higher mortality and morbidity.
  • Optimal treatments for RV failure remain undetermined.
  • Digoxin is a potential therapeutic agent for RV failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the literature on digoxin therapy for RV failure.
  • To assess the benefits and harms of digoxin in patients with RV failure.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL up to November 4, 2014.
  • Studies were included if they assessed digoxin's efficacy in RV failure patients, excluding those requiring mechanical/intravenous inotropic support.
  • The primary outcome was long-term efficacy, with secondary outcomes including RVEF, exercise capacity, and symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Four studies involving 76 patients were analyzed.
  • No statistically significant improvements were observed in right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), exercise capacity, NYHA class, heart failure score, or body weight.
  • No studies assessed mortality outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Existing studies on digoxin for RV failure are limited, primarily focusing on patients with cor pulmonale.
  • Digoxin did not demonstrate efficacy in improving RVEF, exercise capacity, or NYHA class in these patients.
  • Further randomized clinical trials are necessary to definitively evaluate digoxin's role in RV failure management.