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Sexual plasticity: A fishy tale.

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This review explores sexual plasticity in fish, focusing on the bluehead wrasse. It proposes cortisol and neurochemicals regulate social sex change via hormone signaling in protogynous fish.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Fish biology

Background:

  • Teleost fish display diverse and plastic sexual development patterns.
  • Functional sex change is common in marine fish, yet regulatory mechanisms are unclear.
  • The bluehead wrasse (Thalassoma bifasciatum) serves as a key model for studying sexual plasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on sexual plasticity in fish.
  • To propose a model for the neuroendocrine regulation of socially controlled sex change.
  • To highlight future research directions for understanding sex change mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Focus on the bluehead wrasse as a model organism.
  • Conceptual modeling of hormonal and neurochemical pathways.

Main Results:

  • Cortisol and key neurochemicals are proposed to modulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) signaling.
  • These pathways are suggested to promote socially controlled sex change in protogynous fish.
  • The review identifies gaps in knowledge regarding the precise molecular and neuroendocrine control.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding sex change in fish offers insights into vertebrate sex determination and differentiation.
  • Phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental influences is a key area for future study.
  • Large-scale genomic analyses and comparative studies are crucial for uncovering conserved and unique pathways.