Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

1.5K
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
1.5K
Theory of Strong Electrolytes01:23

Theory of Strong Electrolytes

46
The interionic forces of the strong electrolytes depend on the solvent's dielectric constant, which is the ability of a solvent to store electrical energy, based on its polarizability. and the solution's concentration. In high-dielectric solvents and in dilute solutions, weak electrostatic forces keep ions apart. However, in low-dielectric solvents or concentrated solutions, stronger interionic forces may cause ions to pair up as ionic doublets despite being fully ionized. The theory of strong...
46
Ionic Strength: Overview01:12

Ionic Strength: Overview

3.4K
The ionic strength of a solution is a quantitative way of expressing the total electrolyte concentration of a solution. This concept was first introduced in 1921 by two American physical chemists, Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall, while describing the activity coefficient of strong electrolytes. During the calculation of ionic strength (I or μ), all the cations and anions are considered. However, the concentration (c) of an ion with a greater charge number (z) has a greater contribution...
3.4K
Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

3.0K
The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
3.0K
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

2.7K
Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
2.7K
Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor03:08

Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor

37.5K
Colligative Properties of Electrolytes
The colligative properties of a solution depend only on the number, not on the identity, of solute species dissolved. The concentration terms in the equations for various colligative properties (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure) pertain to all solute species present in the solution. Nonelectrolytes dissolve physically without dissociation or any other accompanying process. Each molecule that dissolves yields one...
37.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

One-year outcomes of infants discharged with a nasogastric feeding tube.

Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association·2026
Same author

The PaCO<sub>2</sub>-EtCO<sub>2</sub> gradient in patients with a prehospital inserted arterial catheter for a trauma mechanism by a helicopter emergency medical service in the United Kingdom.

Journal of the Intensive Care Society·2026
Same author

Assessing current capabilities and barriers to performing routine laboratory tests on patients with suspected high consequence infectious disease at frontline acute care hospitals.

Infection control and hospital epidemiology·2026
Same author

Role of viral protein ratio in the structure and separation of empty and full adeno-associated virus capsids: A molecular dynamics study.

Molecular therapy. Advances·2026
Same author

A Scoping Review on Interventions in Educational Contexts to Support Students Exposed to War.

Trauma, violence & abuse·2026
Same author

A multidisciplinary triad model for modern infection prevention and control departments: Moving beyond manual surveillance to data-driven action.

American journal of infection control·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
08:06

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone

Published on: February 23, 2017

9.0K

Ionic strength-dependent changes in tentacular ion exchangers with variable ligand density. I. Structural properties.

Rahul Bhambure1, Christopher M Gillespie2, Michael Phillips2

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|August 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Ligand density in ion-exchange resins significantly impacts performance. Higher densities reduce pore size and enhance ion exclusion, influencing adsorption and transport properties.

Keywords:
Cation-exchange chromatography (CEX)Inverse size-exclusion chromatography (ISEC)Ligand densitySalt exclusionScanning electron microscopy (SEM)Small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS)

More Related Videos

Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters
11:51

Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters

Published on: February 3, 2018

7.5K
Double-barreled and Concentric Microelectrodes for Measurement of Extracellular Ion Signals in Brain Tissue
11:08

Double-barreled and Concentric Microelectrodes for Measurement of Extracellular Ion Signals in Brain Tissue

Published on: September 5, 2015

14.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
08:06

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone

Published on: February 23, 2017

9.0K
Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters
11:51

Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters

Published on: February 3, 2018

7.5K
Double-barreled and Concentric Microelectrodes for Measurement of Extracellular Ion Signals in Brain Tissue
11:08

Double-barreled and Concentric Microelectrodes for Measurement of Extracellular Ion Signals in Brain Tissue

Published on: September 5, 2015

14.5K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Ligand density is crucial for ion-exchange resin performance.
  • The mechanistic link between ligand density and performance in polymer-modified exchangers is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ionic strength-dependent structural changes in tentacular cation exchangers with varying ligand densities.
  • To establish a basis for understanding how ligand density affects functional properties.

Main Methods:

  • Inverse size-exclusion chromatography (ISEC)
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
  • Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)
  • Salt breakthrough experiments

Main Results:

  • Increased ligand density reduces average pore size.
  • Higher ionic strength increases average pore size.
  • SAXS reveals nanoscale structural changes in grafted polyelectrolyte chains dependent on ligand density and ionic strength.
  • High ligand density variants exhibit stronger Donnan exclusion, limiting pore accessibility for small ions.

Conclusions:

  • Ligand density and ionic strength dictate the structural organization of grafted polyelectrolytes.
  • These structural changes directly influence resin pore size and ion transport characteristics.
  • Understanding these structure-property relationships is key for optimizing ion-exchange resin design.