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Geospatial and clinical analyses on pediatric related road traffic injury in Malaysia
Nik Hisamuddin Rahman1, Ruslan Rainis2, Syed Hatim Noor3
1Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, USM, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia.
Insights
Spatial analysis of pediatric road traffic injuries in Malaysia reveals key clinical and geographical risk factors. Understanding these patterns is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies to reduce the burden of these injuries.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Background:
- Road traffic injuries (RTIs) pose a significant health burden on pediatric populations.
- Effective prevention requires understanding the spatial and clinical determinants of pediatric RTIs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a spatial analysis of pediatric road traffic injury cases using GIS software.
- To correlate clinical data with geographical factors for pediatric RTIs.
Main Methods:
- Utilized GIS software (ARCGIS®) for spatial analysis of pediatric RTI cases.
- Collected clinical, pre-hospital care, and outcome data, along with precise GPS coordinates of injury locations.
- Included pediatric patients (<18 years) treated at two tertiary hospitals in a Malaysian district.
Main Results:
- Pediatric patients constituted 24.8% of motor vehicle crash victims.
- Motorcyclists (88%) were the most common type of pediatric victim.
- Most severe injuries (73%) occurred on roads with a 60 km/hour speed limit.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric RTIs in Malaysia represent a substantial health and social challenge.
- Identified critical clinical and geographical factors necessitate consideration for future injury prevention efforts.
Background:
The main aim of this study is to utilize the geographical information system (GIS) software and perform the spatial analysis in relation to clinical data for road traffic injury (RTI) pediatric cases attending the emergency department.
Methods:
The study sample included pediatric patients (age less than 18 years) with road-related injuries within a district in Malaysia who attended emergency departments of two tertiary hospitals within the district. In addition to injury, pre-hospital care and outcome data, the coordinate of the locations were obtained by the ambulance paramedics by using portable handheld GPS unit brand Garmin(®) model GPS 72 H. The data was transferred into the excel format which in turn underwent GIS analysis by using ARCGIS(®) (by ESRI) software version 10.1 licensed to the study institution.
Results:
A total of 102 (24.8%) of all motor vehicle crash (MVC) victims involved the pediatric age group (age 18 years and below). The mean (SD) age of the pediatric victims was 14.30 years (SD 3.830). Male comprised of 68 (66.7%) of the cases. Motorcyclists [88 (88.0%)] were the most common type of victims involved. Interestingly, the majority of the severely injured victims [75 (73%)] sustained the RTI on roads with maximum speed limit of 60 km/hour. The mean (SD) length of hospital stay was 7.83 days (5.59).
Conclusion:
The pediatric related road traffic injury in Malaysia causes significant health and social burden in the country. This study showed both important clinical and geographical factors that need to be taken into consideration for future preventive action.
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