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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Mechanistic models play a crucial role in algorithms for numerical problem-solving, particularly in nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NMEM). These models aim to minimize specific objective functions by evaluating various parameter estimates, leading to the development of systematic algorithms. In some cases, linearization techniques approximate the model using linear equations.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

High-Throughput Metabolic Profiling for Model Refinements of Microalgae
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Introducing BioSARN - an ecological niche model refinement tool.

Marshall J Heap1

  • 1Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1206 W Gregory Dr Urbana Illinois 61801.

Ecology and Evolution
|August 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Biological Species Approximate Realized Niche (BioSARN) application refines environmental niche models (ENMs) for better species distribution predictions. It uses tools like soil filtering and temporal corridor definition to improve accuracy and understand niche dynamics.

Keywords:
Environmental niche modelingenhanced temporal corridorshigh spatial resolutionland class modelrealized distribution

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Biogeography
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Environmental Niche Models (ENMs) predict potential species distributions but require refinement for realized distributions.
  • Ecological modelers need tools to integrate species-specific data with broad environmental datasets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the Biological Species Approximate Realized Niche (BioSARN) application as a toolset for refining ENMs.
  • To demonstrate BioSARN's utility in improving the accuracy of species distribution models.

Main Methods:

  • BioSARN incorporates soil and land class filtering to refine ENM outputs.
  • Enhanced temporal corridor definition allows for the distinction of current, continuing, and future niches.
  • The application quantifies niche areas and outputs results to high spatial resolution land class models.

Main Results:

  • Applying BioSARN to Fraser fir reduced the potential distribution area by 17% through soil and land class filtering.
  • Enhanced temporal corridor definition successfully distinguished between current, continuing, and future niches, revealing niche change.
  • Tile quantification analysis corroborated the identified trends in niche dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • BioSARN serves as a valuable add-on tool for ENM refinement, complementing existing methods.
  • The application enhances ecological modeling by integrating expert knowledge and improving spatial and temporal resolution.
  • BioSARN provides a practical approach to approximating realized species distributions, especially when high-resolution data is limited.