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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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In the presence of an aqueous base and a halogen, primary amides can lose the carbonyl (as carbon dioxide) and undergo rearrangement to form primary amines. This reaction, called the Hofmann rearrangement, can produce primary amines (aryl and alkyl) in high yields without contamination by secondary and tertiary amines.
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Introduction
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Five New Biphenanthrenes from Cremastra appendiculata.

Liang Liu1,2,3, Jun Li4, Ke-Wu Zeng5

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China. enjoyyz@163.com.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered five new biphenanthrenes from Cremastra appendiculata tubers. These compounds, along with known ones, exhibited moderate to weak cytotoxic activity against colon, cervix, and breast cancer cell lines.

Keywords:
Cremastra appendiculatabiphenanthrenecytotoxic activity

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Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cremastra appendiculata (Orchidaceae) is a plant source of bioactive compounds.
  • Biphenanthrenes are a class of natural products with potential biological activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize new biphenanthrenes from Cremastra appendiculata.
  • To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic activities of isolated compounds against various cancer cell lines.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of compounds using ethanolic extract of Cremastra appendiculata tubers.
  • Structure elucidation through extensive spectroscopic analyses (e.g., NMR, MS).
  • In vitro cytotoxicity assays against HCT-116 (colon), Hela (cervix), and MDA-MB-231 (breast) cancer cell lines.

Main Results:

  • Five new biphenanthrenes, designated cremaphenanthrenes A-E (1-5), were identified.
  • Six known biphenanthrenes were also isolated.
  • All tested compounds demonstrated moderate or weak cytotoxic effects on the evaluated cancer cell lines.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully identified novel biphenanthrenes from Cremastra appendiculata.
  • The isolated compounds possess potential, albeit moderate to weak, anticancer properties.
  • Further investigation into structure-activity relationships may yield more potent anticancer agents.