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Modeling The Lifecycle Of Ebola Virus Under Biosafety Level 2 Conditions With Virus-like Particles Containing Tetracistronic Minigenomes
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Ebola vaccines - Where are we?

Sara Viksmoen Watle1, Gunnstein Norheim1, John-Arne Røttingen1

  • 1a Domain for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Oslo , Norway.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
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Summary

The 2014-16 Ebola epidemic spurred rapid development of vaccines. A vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) Ebola vaccine candidate proved effective in phase III trials, offering crucial protection.

Keywords:
Ebola viral diseaseWest Africaefficacy trialvaccinevesicular stomatitis virus

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The 2014-2016 West Africa Ebola outbreak was the largest recorded, highlighting urgent needs for effective vaccines.
  • Limited understanding of human immune responses to Ebola vaccines existed at the epidemic's outset.
  • International collaboration accelerated the development of novel vaccine candidates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of novel Ebola vaccine candidates during a major outbreak.
  • To assess the feasibility of fast-tracking vaccine development in response to a global health crisis.

Main Methods:

  • Phase I and II clinical trials assessed the safety and immunogenicity of adenovirus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based Ebola vaccine candidates.
  • A large-scale Phase III trial was conducted in Guinea to determine vaccine efficacy in a real-world epidemic setting.

Main Results:

  • Early-phase trials demonstrated that both adenovirus and VSV vector-based Ebola vaccines were well-tolerated.
  • Preliminary Phase III trial results indicated significant efficacy of the VSV-based Ebola vaccine candidate.
  • The epidemic began to wane as vaccine trials progressed.

Conclusions:

  • The rapid development and testing of Ebola vaccines were feasible and essential during the 2014-16 outbreak.
  • The VSV-based Ebola vaccine demonstrated effectiveness, providing a vital tool against the virus.
  • This initiative showcased successful international coordination in addressing a critical public health emergency.