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K L Aplin1, C J Scott2, S L Gray2

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK karen.aplin@physics.ox.ac.uk.

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Solar eclipses cause atmospheric cooling and dynamical changes, including local circulation and potential

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric science
  • Geophysics
  • Solar-terrestrial physics

Background:

  • Reviews atmospheric changes associated with 44 solar eclipses since 1834.
  • Notes increased scientific attention on eclipses over populated areas since 1980.
  • Highlights the rarity of atmospheric measurements during eclipses at remote locations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compile and review publications on atmospheric changes during solar eclipses.
  • To analyze the dynamical and thermal effects of solar eclipses on the atmosphere.
  • To assess the evidence for phenomena such as 'eclipse wind' and gravity waves.

Main Methods:

  • Compilation and critical review of existing scientific literature.
  • Analysis of observational data and meteorological modeling.
  • Examination of historical and recent eclipse studies.

Main Results:

  • Solar eclipses cause significant atmospheric cooling due to reduced solar radiation.
  • Evidence suggests the generation of local "eclipse wind" due to atmospheric circulation changes.
  • Detection of gravity waves as atmospheric pressure fluctuations remains inconclusive.

Conclusions:

  • Solar eclipses provide predictable forcing for studying atmospheric dynamics.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand eclipse-induced atmospheric phenomena.
  • Atmospheric measurements during eclipses at remote locations are valuable.