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Pharmacokinetics is a vital branch of pharmacology that examines how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body. Two key methodologies in pharmacokinetics are plasma drug concentration studies and urinary drug excretion analyses, both of which provide critical insights into a drug's therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability.Plasma Drug Concentration-Time StudiesPlasma drug concentration-time studies involve analyzing blood samples at specific intervals to quantify...
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Pharmacodynamic methods provide insights into a drug's effects on physiological processes over time and play a crucial role in understanding bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. These methods can be broadly classified into acute pharmacological and therapeutic response approaches, each with distinct mechanisms and applications.The acute pharmacological response method directly correlates a drug's physiological effects, such as ECG or pupil diameter changes, to its time course in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake
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Biomarkers for nutrient intake with focus on alternative sampling techniques.

T Holen1, F Norheim2, T E Gundersen3

  • 1Division of Molecular Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, POB 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.

Genes & Nutrition
|August 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biomarkers offer objective measures of nutrient intake and status, overcoming challenges in dietary assessment. New technologies enable accessible sample collection for widespread nutrient biomarker analysis.

Keywords:
BiomarkersDietDried blood spots (DBS)LipidomicsMicrobiomeNutrients

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional science
  • Biochemistry
  • Environmental health

Background:

  • Accurate dietary intake assessment is challenging due to food variability and self-reporting inaccuracies.
  • Understanding diet-health relationships requires objective measures of nutrient exposure.
  • Nutrient biomarkers are crucial for assessing environmental factors impacting health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the development and application of nutrient biomarkers.
  • To highlight advancements in biomarker analysis using modern technology.
  • To discuss the potential of accessible sample collection methods for biomarker studies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing high-sensitivity and high-specificity analytical techniques.
  • Employing non-professional blood collection methods (e.g., finger-pricking on filters).
  • Analyzing small sample volumes (blood, tissue, feces) for various analytes.

Main Results:

  • Modern technology allows measurement of diverse analytes including metabolites, lipids, vitamins, minerals, peptides, and proteins.
  • Alternative sampling methods enable non-professional collection, drying, and mailing of samples.
  • Samples can be stored at room temperature, requiring minimal blood volume.

Conclusions:

  • Accessible biomarker collection methods enhance the study of diet-health relationships.
  • Technological advancements facilitate widespread nutrient biomarker analysis.
  • Investigating the microbiome-biomarker connection in feces and blood shows promise.