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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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The Micturition Reflex01:26

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Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...
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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

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The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
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Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

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Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
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Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Urinary Bladder Distention Evoked Visceromotor Responses as a Model for Bladder Pain in Mice
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Bladder function and falls in individuals with multiple sclerosis.

JongHun Sung1, Sa Shen1, Robert W Motl1

  • 1a Department of Kinesiology and Community Health , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA.

Disability and Rehabilitation
|August 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bladder dysfunction increases fall risk in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, independent of mobility issues. Bladder management is crucial for fall prevention in individuals with MS.

Keywords:
Bladder functionfallsmobilitymultiple sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation Science
  • Urology

Background:

  • Falls are a significant concern for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Bladder dysfunction is a common comorbidity in MS, potentially impacting overall health and safety.
  • The relationship between bladder function and falls, independent of mobility, requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between bladder function and the incidence of falls in ambulatory individuals with MS.
  • To determine if this association persists after controlling for key mobility parameters such as balance and walking speed.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 92 ambulatory individuals with MS was assessed.
  • Participants were categorized into mild and moderate-to-severe bladder dysfunction groups.
  • Falls history (previous 3 months) was recorded, and mobility was measured using the Berg balance scale and timed 25-foot walk test.
  • Negative binomial regression analysis was employed to analyze the data.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with moderate-to-severe bladder dysfunction reported a higher median number of falls (2) compared to those with mild dysfunction.
  • The association between severe bladder dysfunction and increased falls remained significant (incidence rate ratio = 1.84) even after accounting for balance and walking speed.

Conclusions:

  • Bladder dysfunction is an independent risk factor for falls in individuals with MS, irrespective of their mobility status.
  • Fall prevention strategies for MS patients should incorporate comprehensive bladder management programs.
  • Further research is recommended to evaluate the efficacy of bladder management interventions in reducing fall incidence in MS.