Applicability of the Ricketts' posteroanterior cephalometry for sex determination using logistic regression analysis in Hispano American Peruvians
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
Published on: November 4, 2025
Ivan Perez1, Allison K Chavez2, Dario Ponce1
1Department of Oral Radiology and Statistics, Dentofacial Disarmonies Research Center, Lima, Peru.
Background:
The Ricketts' posteroanterior (PA) cephalometry seems to be the most widely used and it has not been tested by multivariate statistics for sex determination.
Objective:
The objective was to determine the applicability of Ricketts' PA cephalometry for sex determination using the logistic regression analysis.
Materials And Methods:
The logistic models were estimated at distinct age cutoffs (all ages, 11 years, 13 years, and 15 years) in a database from 1,296 Hispano American Peruvians between 5 years and 44 years of age.
Results:
The logistic models were composed by six cephalometric measurements; the accuracy achieved by resubstitution varied between 60% and 70% and all the variables, with one exception, exhibited a direct relationship with the probability of being classified as male; the nasal width exhibited an indirect relationship.
Conclusion:
The maxillary and facial widths were present in all models and may represent a sexual dimorphism indicator. The accuracy found was lower than the literature and the Ricketts' PA cephalometry may not be adequate for sex determination. The indirect relationship of the nasal width in models with data from patients of 12 years of age or less may be a trait related to age or a characteristic in the studied population, which could be better studied and confirmed.
Related Concept Videos
Regression Toward the Mean
Longitudinal Studies
Applications of Normal Distribution
The heights of 15 to 18-year-old males from Chile from 1984 to 1985 followed a normal distribution. The mean height is 172.36...
One-Way ANOVA: Unequal Sample Sizes
Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data
Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Median of Single Population

