Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dose-Response Relationship: Overview01:03

Dose-Response Relationship: Overview

5.2K
Agonists can bind with and activate receptors, resulting in the formation of drug-receptor complexes. Once formed, these complexes catalyze many biochemical processes at the cellular level and subsequently induce a pharmacologic response. The degree of response is directly proportional to the fraction of activated receptors, which in turn, depends on the concentration of the drug at the receptor site as well as the sensitivity of the receptor. An increase in the administered dose contributes to...
5.2K
Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

18.0K
All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
18.0K
Dose-Response Relationship: Potency and Efficacy01:22

Dose-Response Relationship: Potency and Efficacy

6.6K
The potency of a drug is the measure of its ability to produce a biological response and can be compared by looking at the half-maximum effective concentration or EC50 values of different drugs. A lower EC50 value indicates higher potency of the drug. In the dose–response curve of two antihypertensive drugs, candesartan and irbesartan, a significant difference is observed in their EC50 values. A lower EC50 value for candesartan indicates that it is more potent than irbesartan, as it...
6.6K
Dose-Response Relationship: Selectivity and Specificity01:25

Dose-Response Relationship: Selectivity and Specificity

9.8K
Drugs exert their therapeutic effects by interacting with receptors, enzymes, or ion channels that are present throughout the human body. The strength and duration of the interaction between a drug and its target receptor are characterized by the selectivity and specificity of the drug. Selectivity refers to a drug's strong preference for its intended target over other targets. For instance, isoprenaline, a non-selective β-adrenergic agonist, interacts with both β1- and...
9.8K
Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

87.6K
Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
87.6K
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

1.8K
The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
1.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Visualizing malignant progression: in situ CD109-based spatial immunofluorescence assay delineates papillary to anaplastic thyroid carcinoma transformation within the tumor microenvironment.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Esophageal Cancer Cells Exhibit Heterogeneity in DNA Double-Strand Break Repair and G2/M Checkpoint Arrest Associated With Cell Viability After Ionizing Radiation.

Advances in radiation oncology·2026
Same author

Comprehensive analysis of DNA repair, morphological remodeling and immune-gene expression in patient-derived biliary tract carcinoma organoids following ionizing radiation.

Medical molecular morphology·2026
Same author

Low- and high-dose-rate radiation exposure alters the cellular composition and dynamics of the rat mammary epithelium for weeks preceding carcinogenesis.

Journal of radiation research·2026
Same author

A Novel Haploid Cell Culture System for Multi-layered Analysis of Radiation Effects on Human Cells.

Radiation research·2025
Same author

Calorie restriction in radiation-exposed mice affects the expression of autophagy-related protein p62.

BMC cancer·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Author Spotlight: The 3D Culturing of Organoids from Murine Intestinal Crypts and a Single Stem Cell for Organoid Research
10:39

Author Spotlight: The 3D Culturing of Organoids from Murine Intestinal Crypts and a Single Stem Cell for Organoid Research

Published on: April 7, 2023

10.1K

Differences in Radiation Dose Response between Small and Large Intestinal Crypts.

Kensuke Otsuka1, Keiji Suzuki2

  • 1a   Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Tokyo, Japan and.

Radiation Research
|August 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that the colon is more susceptible to low-dose radiation than the small intestine. Differences in intestinal stem cell repair and growth activity explain varying radiation responses.

More Related Videos

Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation
09:10

Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation

Published on: July 27, 2022

2.7K
Generation of Murine Primary Colon Epithelial Monolayers from Intestinal Crypts
06:57

Generation of Murine Primary Colon Epithelial Monolayers from Intestinal Crypts

Published on: February 6, 2021

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Author Spotlight: The 3D Culturing of Organoids from Murine Intestinal Crypts and a Single Stem Cell for Organoid Research
10:39

Author Spotlight: The 3D Culturing of Organoids from Murine Intestinal Crypts and a Single Stem Cell for Organoid Research

Published on: April 7, 2023

10.1K
Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation
09:10

Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation

Published on: July 27, 2022

2.7K
Generation of Murine Primary Colon Epithelial Monolayers from Intestinal Crypts
06:57

Generation of Murine Primary Colon Epithelial Monolayers from Intestinal Crypts

Published on: February 6, 2021

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Radiation Biology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • High-dose radiation poses risks to intestinal epithelial cells, impacting radiotherapy and acute radiation syndrome treatment.
  • The effects of middle- and low-dose radiation on these cells are not well understood.
  • DNA damage accumulation in intestinal stem cells is linked to cancer development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the DNA damage repair kinetics and tissue response in the small intestine and colon following middle- and low-dose X-ray irradiation.
  • To understand the differential susceptibility of the small and large intestines to radiation-induced damage.

Main Methods:

  • Mice were exposed to 0.1, 1, or 4 Gy X-ray doses.
  • Small intestine (duodenum, ileum) and colon tissues were analyzed.
  • DNA double-strand breaks were assessed using 53BP1 foci.
  • Cell proliferation was measured via Ki-67 and mitotic cell counts.

Main Results:

  • The small intestine showed rapid DNA damage repair (53BP1 foci disappearance) in Lgr5(+) stem cells, with temporary growth arrest but stable cell numbers.
  • The colon exhibited greater susceptibility to radiation, with preferential cell loss in the lower crypt.
  • Low-dose irradiation in the colon led to reduced cell numbers and increased mitosis.

Conclusions:

  • The colon is more vulnerable to radiation damage than the small intestine, especially at lower doses.
  • Differential responses between the small and large intestines are attributed to variations in stem cell growth activity post-DNA repair.
  • Understanding these kinetics is crucial for managing radiation injury and cancer risk.