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Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...

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Nodal analysis is a fundamental method in electrical engineering used to simplify the process of circuit analysis. This method revolves around the concept of using node voltages as the primary variables for circuit analysis. The objective is to determine the voltage at each node in a circuit, which can then be used to find other quantities of interest, such as currents through specific components.
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Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.

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Facet-to-facet Linking of Shape-anisotropic Colloidal Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanostructures

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Nodal-chain metals.

Tomáš Bzdušek¹, QuanSheng Wu^1,2, Andreas Rüegg¹

¹Institut für Theoretische Physik, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.

|August 25, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered a new type of topological fermion, the nodal chain, in metals. This novel excitation, distinct from known quasiparticles, has unique symmetry requirements and is predicted in iridium tetrafluoride (IrF4).

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Area of Science:

Condensed-matter physics
Solid-state physics
Topological materials

Background:

Band theory successfully describes electronic energy levels in solids.
Topological characterization of metals reveals fermionic quasiparticles.
Existing classifications of quasiparticles are incomplete.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a previously unrecognized type of fermionic excitation in metals.
To prove the topological distinctness of this new excitation.
To identify materials and symmetry requirements for its realization.

Main Methods:

Theoretical description of electronic band structures.
Topological analysis of electronic wavefunctions.
Investigation of symmetry properties in momentum space.

Main Results:

Identification of a 'nodal chain' excitation where conduction and valence bands touch.
Proof of the nodal chain's topological distinction from known excitations.
Prediction of nodal chain fermions in iridium tetrafluoride (IrF4) and related compounds.

Conclusions:

Nodal chain fermions represent a new class of topological excitations in metals.
Specific symmetry requirements govern their appearance.
The predicted realization in IrF4 and associated anomalous magnetotransport properties warrant further experimental investigation.