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Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
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All-fiber upconversion high spectral resolution wind lidar using a Fabry-Perot interferometer.

Mingjia Shangguan, Haiyun Xia, Chong Wang

    Optics Express
    |August 25, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    A new all-fiber, eye-safe wind lidar system successfully measured wind speeds up to 4 km with high accuracy. This high spectral resolution wind lidar (HSRWL) utilizes advanced detectors and interferometers for precise atmospheric measurements.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric Science
    • Optical Engineering
    • Remote Sensing

    Background:

    • Wind measurement is crucial for weather forecasting and climate studies.
    • Traditional wind measurement techniques have limitations in range and spatial resolution.
    • Developing advanced remote sensing technologies for atmospheric monitoring is essential.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate an all-fiber, micro-pulse, and eye-safe high spectral resolution wind lidar (HSRWL) operating at 1.5 μm.
    • To enhance optical detection efficiency by utilizing both transmission and reflection spectra of the fiber Fabry-Perot scanning interferometer (FFP-SI).
    • To achieve simultaneous measurement of aerosol backscatter spectral characteristics for accurate wind speed determination.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a pair of upconversion single-photon detectors for high signal-to-noise ratio detection.
    • Employing a fiber Fabry-Perot scanning interferometer (FFP-SI) for high spectral resolution analysis.
    • Analyzing both transmission and reflection spectra of the FFP-SI for spectral analysis of aerosol backscatter and reference laser pulse.

    Main Results:

    • Simultaneous acquisition of center frequencies and bandwidths of aerosol backscatter spectra.
    • Achieved a horizontal detection range of 4 km with a temporal resolution of 1 minute.
    • Demonstrated good agreement with an ultrasonic wind sensor, with a standard deviation of wind speed at 0.76 m/s at 1.8 km.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed all-fiber HSRWL system is effective for accurate and eye-safe wind profiling.
    • The system's performance is validated through continuous line-of-sight (LOS) wind observations and comparison with established sensors.
    • The high spectral resolution and detection efficiency contribute to precise atmospheric wind measurements.