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Decrease in somatostatin-positive cell density in the amygdala of females with major depression.

Gaelle Douillard-Guilloux1, David Lewis1,2, Marianne L Seney1

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Depression and Anxiety
|August 25, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is linked to fewer somatostatin (SST) neurons in the female amygdala. This suggests a change in SST cell type, not cell death, in MDD.

Keywords:
biological markersdepressiongendergeneticsmood disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Psychiatry
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Somatostatin (SST) is a neuropeptide found in GABA interneurons targeting pyramidal neuron dendrites.
  • Previous studies indicated reduced SST gene and protein in the female major depressive disorder (MDD) amygdala.
  • This reduction was specific to female subjects diagnosed with MDD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regional and cellular distribution of SST expression.
  • To examine SST deficits in the amygdala of female MDD subjects.
  • To determine if MDD affects SST cell density or phenotype.

Main Methods:

  • In situ hybridization was used to analyze SST expression patterns.
  • The study included female MDD subjects and control groups (N=10/group).
  • Regional and cellular SST mRNA levels and neuron density were quantified.

Main Results:

  • A significant decrease in SST-labeled neuron density was observed in the lateral, basolateral, and basomedial amygdala nuclei of MDD subjects.
  • SST mRNA levels per neuron were reduced only in the basomedial nucleus.
  • No significant difference in total cell density was found between MDD and control groups.

Conclusions:

  • MDD is associated with a reduced density of detectable SST-positive neurons in multiple amygdala nuclei.
  • The findings suggest a potential alteration in SST cell phenotype rather than cell death in the female MDD amygdala.
  • The basomedial nucleus showed a specific reduction in SST mRNA per cell.