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Participation and adherence to cardiac rehabilitation programs. A systematic review

Alberto Ruano-Ravina1, Carlos Pena-Gil2, Emad Abu-Assi2

  • 1Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.

International Journal of Cardiology
|August 25, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Participation in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is influenced by patient demographics and program accessibility. Understanding these factors is key to improving CR program engagement and effectiveness.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) poses a significant health burden globally.
  • Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs are proven to reduce mortality post-AMI.
  • Identifying barriers to CR participation and adherence is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review factors influencing participation and adherence to CR programs following AMI.
  • To synthesize findings from existing literature on CR engagement.
  • To identify demographic and logistical factors affecting CR program uptake and consistency.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases (2004-2016).
  • Inclusion and exclusion criteria applied to select relevant studies.
  • Classification of identified factors into those affecting participation and adherence.

Main Results:

  • 29 studies were included, showing consistent factors affecting CR participation and adherence.
  • Person-related factors (age, gender, comorbidities, socioeconomic status, education, marital status) significantly impact engagement.
  • Program-related factors (distance to facility, transportation availability) also influence attendance and adherence.
  • Findings were consistent across Europe and the USA, indicating a homogeneous pattern.

Conclusions:

  • Participation and adherence to CR programs follow predictable patterns, influenced by patient characteristics and program accessibility.
  • Healthcare professionals should tailor communication and program design to address identified barriers.
  • Interventions aimed at improving CR engagement are needed to enhance post-AMI recovery and reduce mortality.

Keywords:
Acute myocardial infarctionCardiac rehabilitationPhysical exerciseSystematic review

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