Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Stringent Response in E. coli

Stringent Response in E. coli

Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Comparative safety of postoperative HIPEC with recombinant mutant TNF-α versus paclitaxel for gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis: a randomized controlled trial.

Surgical oncology·2026

Same author

Deciphering immune-inflammatory dysregulation in the endometriotic microenvironment: insights from single-cell omics and artificial intelligence.

Frontiers in immunology·2026

Same author

Enhancing prime editing by fusing polymerase substrate-binding proteins to reverse transcriptase.

Nucleic acids research·2026

Same author

Topology-aware segmentation for tubular structure in 3D microscopy.

Physics in medicine and biology·2026

Same author

A predictive model for mortality in VA-ECMO patients based on early coagulation-immune interactions: A single-center retrospective study.

Respiratory medicine·2026

Same author

TACE plus donafenib and immune checkpoint inhibitors for intermediate HCC (CHANCE2410 study): a propensity score matching analysis.

European radiology experimental·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Published on: December 15, 2017

Engineering Corynebacterium glutamicum for violacein hyper production.

Hongnian Sun¹, Dongdong Zhao², Bin Xiong²

¹School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, People's Republic of China.

Microbial Cell Factories

|August 26, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum enabled high-level production of violacein, a valuable compound. This study achieved record titers and productivity, paving the way for industrial-scale violacein manufacturing.

Keywords:

Corynebacterium glutamicum L-Tryptophan Metabolic engineering Violacein

More Related Videos

Quantification of Violacein in Chromobacterium violaceum and Its Inhibition by Bioactive Compounds

Quantification of Violacein in Chromobacterium violaceum and Its Inhibition by Bioactive Compounds

Published on: August 8, 2025

Microfluidic Picoliter Bioreactor for Microbial Single-cell Analysis: Fabrication, System Setup, and Operation

Microfluidic Picoliter Bioreactor for Microbial Single-cell Analysis: Fabrication, System Setup, and Operation

Published on: December 6, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Published on: December 15, 2017

Quantification of Violacein in Chromobacterium violaceum and Its Inhibition by Bioactive Compounds

Quantification of Violacein in Chromobacterium violaceum and Its Inhibition by Bioactive Compounds

Published on: August 8, 2025

Microfluidic Picoliter Bioreactor for Microbial Single-cell Analysis: Fabrication, System Setup, and Operation

Microfluidic Picoliter Bioreactor for Microbial Single-cell Analysis: Fabrication, System Setup, and Operation

Published on: December 6, 2013

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Metabolic Engineering
Industrial Microbiology

Background:

Corynebacterium glutamicum, a GRAS organism, is suitable for L-tryptophan fermentation.
Violacein, derived from L-tryptophan, is a commercially valuable compound with diverse applications.
Metabolic engineering of C. glutamicum offers advantages for violacein production.

Purpose of the Study:

To engineer Corynebacterium glutamicum as a host for enhanced violacein production.
To optimize fermentation conditions for maximizing violacein yield and productivity.
To establish a basis for the commercial manufacturing of violacein.

Main Methods:

Overexpression of the heterologous vio operon from Chromobacterium violaceum in C. glutamicum ATCC 21850.
Utilizing both constitutive and inducible promoters for vio operon expression.
Replacing compressed RBS with C. glutamicum ones and assembling synthetic operons.
Optimizing fermentation parameters including induction strategy, culture composition, and temperature.

Main Results:

Achieved violacein titers of 532 mg/L with constitutive promoter and 629 mg/L with inducible promoter.
Engineered synthetic operons to reach 1116 mg/L violacein in batch culture.
Optimized fermentation yielded a final titer of 5436 mg/L and productivity of 47 mg/L/h in a 3L bioreactor.

Conclusions:

Corynebacterium glutamicum 21850 (pEC-C-vio1) demonstrated record-breaking violacein titer and productivity.
The developed metabolic engineering and fermentation strategies provide a foundation for industrial violacein production.
Leveraging the established C. glutamicum fermentation industry facilitates commercialization.