Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

894
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...
894
Spasmolytic Agents: Chemical Classification01:29

Spasmolytic Agents: Chemical Classification

1.4K
Spasmolytic agents are drugs used to alleviate muscle spasms and spasticity. They can be categorized into different chemical groups based on their mechanisms of action. Centrally acting spasmolytics primarily affect the spinal cord, while others directly target skeletal muscle cells.
A major class of centrally acting spasmolytics is the α2-agonist, such as tizanidine. These drugs bind to α2-adrenoceptors, inhibiting the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. They also...
1.4K
Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin01:26

Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin

1.3K
Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
1.3K
Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants01:23

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants

2.2K

Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating...
2.2K
Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:24

Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

1.5K
Centrally acting muscle relaxants reduce muscle tone and tension by interfering with the postsynaptic reflexes in the central nervous system.
Centrally acting drugs are classified into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic drugs such as baclofen, diazepam, and tizanidine inhibit spinal motor neurons and decrease muscle tone. Spasmolytic drugs are administered for severe and chronic spasms due to multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, stroke, and spinal cord and muscle injuries. However,...
1.5K
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

1.1K
Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Freely Available Virtual Reality Experiences as Tools to Support Mental Health Therapy: a Systematic Scoping Review and Consensus Based Interdisciplinary Analysis.

Journal of technology in behavioral science·2021
Same author

Development and validation of a screening questionnaire for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B·2020
Same author

Personality profiles differ between patients with epileptic seizures and patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures.

Seizure·2019
Same author

Depressive symptoms in caregivers immediately after stroke.

Topics in stroke rehabilitation·2019
Same author

Virtual study groups and online Observed Structured Clinical Examinations practices - enabling trainees to enable themselves.

Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists·2018
Same author

Effects of Uncertainty on Perceived and Physiological Stress in Caregivers of Stroke Survivors: A 6-Week Longitudinal Study.

Journal of gerontological nursing·2017

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Generating Acute and Chronic Experimental Models of Motor Tic Expression in Rats
07:38

Generating Acute and Chronic Experimental Models of Motor Tic Expression in Rats

Published on: May 27, 2021

8.9K

Severe motor and vocal tics controlled with Sativex®.

David Trainor1, Lois Evans1, Rupert Bird2

  • 1Psychiatry Registrar, Department of Psychiatry, Tauranga Hospital, Tauranga, New Zealand.

Australasian Psychiatry : Bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists
|August 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Cannabinoid treatment, including Tetrahydocannabinol and cannabidiol, significantly reduced tics in a patient with treatment-resistant Tourette syndrome (TS). This case report suggests cannabinoids may be a viable option for severe TS cases.

Keywords:
Sativex®Tetrahydrocannabinolcannabistourette syndrome

More Related Videos

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor
05:54

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor

Published on: December 13, 2017

15.0K
Author Spotlight: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Movement Observation in Cerebral Palsy
07:20

Author Spotlight: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Movement Observation in Cerebral Palsy

Published on: August 9, 2024

2.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Generating Acute and Chronic Experimental Models of Motor Tic Expression in Rats
07:38

Generating Acute and Chronic Experimental Models of Motor Tic Expression in Rats

Published on: May 27, 2021

8.9K
MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor
05:54

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor

Published on: December 13, 2017

15.0K
Author Spotlight: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Movement Observation in Cerebral Palsy
07:20

Author Spotlight: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Movement Observation in Cerebral Palsy

Published on: August 9, 2024

2.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary motor and vocal tics.
  • Treatment-resistant TS poses a significant challenge, necessitating exploration of novel therapeutic avenues.

Observation:

  • A single case report details the administration of Sativex®, a cannabinoid-based medication containing Tetrahydocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD).
  • The subject received 10.8 mg THC and 10 mg CBD daily via oro-mucosal spray for four weeks.
  • Assessments included subjective (Yale Global Tic Severity Scale) and objective (Original Rush Videotape Rating Scale) measures of tic severity.

Findings:

  • Both subjective and objective assessments revealed a marked reduction in the frequency and severity of motor and vocal tics.
  • High interrater reliability was observed in the objective video ratings, supporting the robustness of the findings.

Implications:

  • The results indicate that cannabinoids may be a safe and effective treatment option for individuals with treatment-resistant Tourette syndrome.
  • Further research, including larger clinical trials, is warranted to substantiate these preliminary findings and explore the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids in TS management.