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Related Concept Videos

Visual Agnosia01:12

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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Author Spotlight: Assessment of Visual Acuity in Central Vision Loss Through Motion-Based Peripheral Vision Testing
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Visual reinforcement shapes eye movements in visual search.

Céline Paeye, Alexander C Schütz, Karl R Gegenfurtner

    Journal of Vision
    |August 26, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Finding a visual target can reinforce eye movements during visual search. Participants adapted their search behavior based on reinforcement schedules, demonstrating reinforcement learning optimizes visual search strategies.

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Neuroscience
    • Visual Perception
    • Reinforcement Learning

    Background:

    • Eye movements are crucial for gathering visual information and influencing the environment.
    • While explicit rewards influence eye movements, the reward value of information gained from finding targets is less understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate if finding a visual target acts as a reward that reinforces eye movements in visual search.
    • To determine if participants can learn and adapt their search behavior based on probabilistic target locations and reinforcement schedules.

    Main Methods:

    • Visual search tasks were conducted in a noisy background with numerous potential target locations.
    • Initial experiments explored if participants adjusted search based on target frequency in specific quadrants.

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  • Subsequent experiments utilized gaze-contingent displays to precisely control reinforcement schedules based on saccade direction and location.

    • Main Results:

    • Participants did not spontaneously alter search behavior based on predictable target locations in the initial phase.
    • Under controlled gaze-contingent reinforcement, participants significantly increased saccades aligning with reinforcement criteria.
    • Search behavior was effectively modulated to match relative reinforcement rates, indicating adaptive learning.

    Conclusions:

    • Finding visual targets can serve as a reinforcer for eye movements in visual search tasks.
    • Reinforcement learning is a key mechanism enabling optimization of visual search strategies according to environmental statistics.
    • Gaze-contingent displays provide effective control for studying reinforcement learning in eye movement behavior.