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Related Concept Videos

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States03:25

Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States

13.8K
The free energy change for a process taking place with reactants and products present under nonstandard conditions (pressures other than 1 bar; concentrations other than 1 M) is related to the standard free energy change according to this equation:
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

2.8K
The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Faithful conditional quantum state transfer between weakly coupled qubits.

M Miková1, I Straka1, M Mičuda1

  • 1Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.

Scientific Reports
|August 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We demonstrate a new method for perfect quantum state transfer between qubits, overcoming decoherence limitations. This technique enables reliable quantum information processing and communication.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Communication
  • Quantum Computing

Background:

  • Quantum state transfer is essential for quantum communication and information processing.
  • Decoherence and limited interaction strength often hinder practical quantum state transfer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and experimentally demonstrate a procedure for faithful quantum state transfer between weakly interacting qubits.
  • To overcome limitations imposed by decoherence and interaction strength in quantum state transfer.

Main Methods:

  • A probabilistic, unidirectional quantum state transfer scheme was developed.
  • The method combines measurement of the source qubit with conditional quantum filtering on the target qubit.
  • The experiment utilized a linear optical setup with single photons encoding qubit polarization states.

Main Results:

  • Successful experimental demonstration of faithful quantum state transfer between two qubits.
  • The procedure enables perfect, unidirectional transfer of arbitrary unknown quantum states.
  • The scheme shows robustness against experimental imperfections.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method offers a viable solution for robust quantum state transfer in the presence of decoherence.
  • This advancement is crucial for developing practical quantum communication and information processing technologies.
  • The experimental validation confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the quantum state transfer protocol.