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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

10.1K
A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
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Cell Type-specific Gene Expression Profiling in the Mouse Liver
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Cell Type-specific Gene Expression Profiling in the Mouse Liver

Published on: September 17, 2019

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A Cell-type-resolved Liver Proteome.

Chen Ding1, Yanyan Li2, Feifei Guo3

  • 1From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100039, China; §National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX center, Beijing), Beijing 102206, China; **State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics : MCP
|August 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study maps the liver

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Area of Science:

  • Proteomics
  • Cell Biology
  • Organ Physiology

Background:

  • Parenchymatous organs comprise diverse cell types, including parenchymal cells (PCs) and nonparenchymal cells (NPCs).
  • The intricate cellular composition and molecular characteristics of these organs remain incompletely understood.
  • Proteomic studies offer a powerful approach to elucidate cell-type-specific molecular details within organs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generate a comprehensive cell-type-resolved proteome atlas of the liver.
  • To investigate the molecular distinctions and functional roles of different liver cell types.
  • To establish a molecular framework for understanding liver cellular composition and organ features.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized in-depth proteomics to identify gene products (GPs) across distinct liver cell populations.
  • Quantified protein expression profiles for parenchymal cells (hepatocytes) and various nonparenchymal cell types.
  • Analyzed proteomic data to delineate cell-type-specific features and intercellular communication.

Main Results:

  • Identified 6,000–8,000 GPs per cell type, totaling 10,075 GPs across four liver cell types.
  • Hepatocytes (PCs) exhibit a relatively homogenous proteome with fewer GPs, primarily executing core liver functions.
  • A division of labor model emerged: PCs synthesize pathway components, while NPCs initiate pathway activation.
  • Demonstrated intercellular crosstalk between NPCs and PCs, crucial for maintaining the hepatocyte phenotype.

Conclusions:

  • The liver proteome atlas provides unprecedented cell-type resolution, revealing key features of liver cellular composition.
  • The findings elucidate a functional specialization model between hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells.
  • This study serves as a foundational model for dissecting organ cellularity and function at the molecular level.