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Evaluating the fall risk among elderly population by choice step reaction test.

Donghai Wang1, Jian Zhang1, Yuliang Sun2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

Clinical Interventions in Aging
|August 27, 2016
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Summary

Central nervous system (CNS) control, specifically premotor time (PMT), is a key indicator of fall risk in older adults. Faster PMT in the CNS is associated with better balance and reduced fall risk.

Keywords:
choice step reaction testelderlyfallingpremotor time

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Falls in older adults lead to injuries and reduced quality of life.
  • Balance control depends on muscle strength and central nervous system (CNS) function.
  • Limited research exists on the CNS's role in fall risk compared to muscle strength.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between CNS function and fall risk in the elderly.
  • To identify specific CNS parameters that predict fall risk.

Main Methods:

  • 140 elderly participants (fallers vs. nonfallers) underwent a choice step reaction test.
  • Response times (premotor time - PMT, motor time - MT) and EMG data were recorded.
  • Maximal isokinetic torque of knee and ankle joints was measured.

Main Results:

  • Fallers exhibited greater PMT than nonfallers.
  • Asymmetry in limb response time (PMT and MT) was observed in nonfallers but not fallers.
  • Reduced maximal isokinetic torque correlated with increased PMT and loss of asymmetry in fallers.

Conclusions:

  • Premotor time (PMT) is a significant predictor of fall risk in older adults.
  • CNS response time and limb symmetry are crucial for assessing fall risk.
  • Decreased muscle strength exacerbates CNS deficits, increasing fall risk.