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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
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Neoantigen-based cancer immunotherapy.

Sara Bobisse1, Periklis G Foukas2, George Coukos1

  • 1Ludwig Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;; Center of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;

Annals of Translational Medicine
|August 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Immunotherapy harnesses the immune system to fight cancer by targeting unique tumor mutations called neoantigens. Identifying these neoantigens offers a promising strategy for developing personalized cancer treatments and improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Neoantigens (neoAgs)immunopeptidomeimmunotherapymutanome

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The immune system plays a crucial role in cancer control and regression.
  • Tumor cells present unique antigenic peptides (neoantigens) recognized by T cells.
  • Identifying tumor-specific antigens is key to understanding cancer regression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy.
  • To highlight the potential of mutanome analysis for identifying novel cancer targets.

Main Methods:

  • Massively parallel sequencing to identify the tumor mutanome.
  • Computational tools to identify neoantigens from the mutanome.
  • Detection of neoantigen-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells.

Main Results:

  • Neoantigens derived from mutated cancer proteins are recognized by the immune system.
  • Neoantigen-specific T cells are found in various human cancers.
  • Neoantigen recognition is linked to favorable clinical outcomes and immunotherapy efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • The tumor mutanome is a valuable source of unique, tumor-specific targets for cancer immunotherapy.
  • Neoantigen identification and targeting hold significant promise for developing effective, personalized cancer treatments.