[Diagnostic approach to iron deficiency anemia]

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Internal Medicine
• Public Health

Background:

• Anemia affects 25% of the global population, primarily due to iron deficiency.
• Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) impairs cognitive function, work capacity, and exacerbates chronic diseases like heart and kidney failure.
• Certain gastrointestinal conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease, hinder oral iron absorption.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the global prevalence and multifaceted consequences of iron deficiency anemia.
• To underscore the importance of timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment for IDA.
• To emphasize the role of patient selection in diagnostic workups for underlying conditions.

Main Methods:

• Literature review on anemia prevalence and iron deficiency.
• Analysis of treatment modalities for IDA, including oral and intravenous iron.
• Discussion of diagnostic strategies for identifying IDA and associated conditions.

Main Results:

• Iron deficiency is the leading cause of anemia worldwide.
• IDA negatively impacts daily functioning and complicates chronic disease management.
• Effective treatment of IDA improves patient outcomes and reduces healthcare utilization.

Conclusions:

• Early identification and management of IDA are crucial for improving patient quality of life.
• Intravenous iron may be necessary for patients with malabsorption issues.
• Targeted diagnostic evaluation in selected patients can reveal underlying pathologies and guide specific treatments.