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Related Concept Videos

Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

2.5K
Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
2.5K
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

3.9K
Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
3.9K
Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

1.8K
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
1.8K
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

873
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
873
Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

8.0K
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
8.0K
Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

553
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
553

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Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Induction and Testing of Hypoxia in Cell Culture
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Induction and Testing of Hypoxia in Cell Culture

Published on: August 12, 2011

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Hypoxia in Atherogenesis.

Gordon A A Ferns1, Lamia Heikal1

  • 11 Department of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom.

Angiology
|August 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Hypoxia, or low oxygen, in artery walls drives atherosclerosis development. This oxygen imbalance affects plaque cell function and stability, regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1).

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Molecular Medicine
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis development is linked to oxygen imbalance in arterial walls.
  • Hypoxia (low oxygen) is prevalent in atherosclerotic plaques, altering cellular functions and plaque phenotype.
  • Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) is a key regulator of oxygen homeostasis, stabilized under hypoxic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of hypoxia on cellular functions in atherogenesis.
  • To summarize evidence supporting the role of hypoxia in plaque development and evolution.
  • To highlight the molecular mechanisms, including HIF-1, involved in hypoxic responses within atherosclerotic lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental models and clinical studies on hypoxia and atherosclerosis.
Keywords:
EPOHIF-1animal modelshypoxiasleep apneavasa vasorum

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  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms involving HIF-1 stabilization and target gene regulation.
  • Examination of cellular responses to hypoxia in plaque microenvironments.

    • Main Results:

    • Hypoxia significantly alters the function, metabolism, and phenotype of cells within atherosclerotic plaques.
    • HIF-1 expression is localized in key cell types within lesions, regulating genes vital for vascular function.
    • Evidence from experimental and clinical studies supports hypoxia's critical role in atherogenesis.

    Conclusions:

    • Oxygen imbalance and resulting hypoxia are fundamental drivers of atherosclerosis.
    • Hypoxia influences plaque stability and progression through HIF-1-mediated pathways.
    • Targeting hypoxia pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis.