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Cannabinoids and Psychosis.

Deepak Cyril D'Souza1, Rajiv Radhakrishnan, Mohamed Sherif

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Cannabis use, particularly in adolescence, is linked to psychosis risk. Cannabinoids can cause temporary psychosis and may interact with other factors to increase the risk of persistent psychotic disorders.

Keywords:
CannabisTHCcannabinoidscognitionpsychosisschizophrenia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cannabinoid Research

Background:

  • Growing scientific and clinical interest exists regarding the complex relationship between cannabis use and psychosis.
  • The association encompasses acute intoxication, prolonged psychotic episodes, and persistent psychosis not directly tied to recent use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize the current understanding of the link between cannabis and psychosis.
  • To examine the different types of psychosis associated with cannabinoid exposure.
  • To evaluate the risk factors and potential mechanisms involved.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental studies on healthy volunteers.
  • Analysis of case studies on cannabinoid-induced psychosis.
  • Examination of epidemiological data on adolescent cannabis exposure and adult psychotic disorders.

Main Results:

  • Experimental and case studies demonstrate that cannabinoids (including THC) can reliably induce transient positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms, and acute psychosis lasting up to a month.
  • Adolescent cannabis exposure is consistently associated with an increased risk of adult psychotic disorders, showing a dose-response relationship and biological plausibility.
  • The risk is amplified by early age of exposure, childhood abuse, and genetic predisposition, suggesting cannabinoids act as a 'component cause' interacting with other factors.

Conclusions:

  • Cannabinoids are not solely responsible for persistent psychotic disorders but act as a contributing factor in conjunction with other vulnerabilities.
  • Further research is necessary to elucidate the precise neural mechanisms underlying the cannabis-psychosis link.
  • Clinicians must consider the potential psychosis risk, especially in vulnerable populations like adolescents and individuals with a predisposition to psychosis.