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Child pneumonia - focus on the Western Pacific Region
T K P Nguyen1, T H Tran2, C L Roberts3
1Discipline of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Australia; Da Nang Hospital for Women and Children, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
|August 30, 2016
Summary
Pneumonia remains a major global threat to young children, causing significant deaths, especially in the Western Pacific Region. Evolving causes and increased vaccination necessitate updated management strategies for child pneumonia.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Pneumonia is the primary cause of mortality in children under five globally.
- The WHO Western Pacific Region faces a substantial burden of childhood pneumonia, with high mortality rates in specific countries.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of the global pneumonia disease burden.
- To examine the etiology and management of pneumonia, focusing on the WHO Western Pacific Region.
- To highlight the impact of conjugate vaccines and socio-economic development on pneumonia trends.
Main Methods:
- Review of global pneumonia disease burden.
- Analysis of etiological factors and management practices.
- Focus on data from the WHO Western Pacific Region.
Main Results:
- In 2011, the Western Pacific Region recorded 61,900 pneumonia deaths in children under five.
- Over 75% of these deaths were concentrated in Cambodia, China, Laos, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, and Viet Nam.
- The etiological landscape is shifting from Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae towards viruses and atypical bacteria, influenced by vaccine introduction and development.
Conclusions:
- Traditional pneumonia case management may need revision due to increased conjugate vaccine uptake.
- Risk reduction, enhanced vaccination, improved hypoxemia management, and antibiotic stewardship are crucial.
- Addressing the changing epidemiology of childhood pneumonia is vital for reducing mortality in the Western Pacific Region.
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