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Related Concept Videos

Types of Intermediate Filaments01:31

Types of Intermediate Filaments

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The intermediate filaments are an essential component of the cytoskeleton. Presently six types of intermediate filament have been identified. Type I and II are acidic and basic keratin proteins. Type III is of mesodermal origin and comprises four proteins: vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and peripherin. Vimentin is commonly found in mesenchymal cells, desmin in muscle cells, GFAP in astrocytes, while peripherin is found in peripheral nervous system neurons (PNS). Type...
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The Structure of Intermediate Filaments01:19

The Structure of Intermediate Filaments

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The intermediate filaments are one of three widely studied cytoskeletal filaments. They are so named as their diameter (10 nm) is in between that of microfilaments (7 nm) and the microtubules (25 nm).  These filaments are highly stable and can remain intact when exposed to high salt concentrations and detergents. These filaments are responsible for providing stability and mechanical support to the cells. They also help in cell adhesion and maintaining tissue integrity.
Intermediate...
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Disassembly of Intermediate Filaments01:35

Disassembly of Intermediate Filaments

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Intermediate filaments (IFs) do not undergo spontaneous disassembly. Enzymes, kinases, and phosphatases add and remove phosphates from specific sites to regulate their disassembly. The IF concentration in the cytoplasm also regulates the disassembly. If the concentration crosses a threshold, it activates the protein kinases in the vicinity, allowing the phosphorylation of IFs.
Keratin proteins, found at the cell periphery near cell junctions, undergo a cycle of assembly and disassembly. In Type...
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Formation of Intermediate Filaments00:57

Formation of Intermediate Filaments

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Intermediate filaments are cytoskeletal proteins with higher tensile strength and flexibility than microfilaments and microtubules. Unlike the other two cytoskeletal proteins, intermediate filament formation lacks the enzymatic activity to hydrolyze nucleotides like ATP and GTP to generate energy for polymerization. Therefore, the formation of intermediate filaments is multistep self-assembly. The involvement of any accessory proteins in intermediate filament formation has not yet been...
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Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Cytoplasm01:16

Cytoplasm

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The cytoplasm consists of organelles and a framework of protein scaffolds called the cytoskeleton suspended in an aqueous solution, the cytosol. The cytosol is a rich broth of water, ions, salts, and various organic molecules.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Dissection of Single Skeletal Muscle Fibers for Immunofluorescent and Morphometric Analyses of Whole-Mount Neuromuscular Junctions
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Intermediate filaments in peripheral nervous system: Their expression, dysfunction and diseases.

A Parlakian1, D Paulin1, A Izmiryan1

  • 1University Pierre-and-Marie-Curie Paris, institute of biology Paris-Seine, CNRS UMR8256-Inserm U1164, biology of adaptation and ageing, 6-7, quai Saint-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France.

Revue Neurologique
|August 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details intermediate filament proteins (IFPs) in peripheral neurons, highlighting their roles in development, axonal transport, and disease. Specific IFPs like neurofilament triplet proteins (NFPs) are crucial for neuronal health.

Keywords:
AxotomyDorsal root gangliaIntermediate filamentsRegenerationSyneminVimentin

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Protein Chemistry

Background:

  • Intermediate filament proteins (IFPs) are crucial structural components in various cell types.
  • Peripheral neurons express a diverse array of IFPs, including neurofilament triplet proteins (NFPs), peripherin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).
  • These proteins play significant roles in neuronal development, axonal maintenance, and response to injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics and functions of IFPs during peripheral neuron development and differentiation.
  • To explore the specific roles of various IFPs, such as NFPs, peripherin, and GFAP, in neuronal structure and function.
  • To discuss the implications of IFP disruption in neurological diseases and injury responses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on intermediate filament proteins in peripheral nervous system development.
  • Analysis of gene expression patterns and protein localization of various IFPs.
  • Examination of the functional roles of IFPs in axonal transport, regeneration, and disease.

Main Results:

  • NFPs are critical for axonal caliber and transport, with disruptions linked to motor neuron diseases.
  • Peripherin network plasticity is important for axonal guidance and regeneration.
  • Nestin is an early developmental IFP, replaced by tissue-specific IFPs upon differentiation; GFAP and vimentin are prominent in glial cells.
  • IFP expression patterns are dynamic and can be significantly altered in response to tissue injury.

Conclusions:

  • IFPs exhibit diverse expression patterns and functions in peripheral neurons, essential for development, maintenance, and repair.
  • Understanding IFP roles is vital for comprehending neuronal health and disease pathogenesis.
  • Further research into IFP regulation and modulation holds therapeutic potential for neurological disorders.