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Related Experiment Videos

Acinetobacter peritonitis during chronic peritoneal dialysis.

C Galvao1, R Swartz, L Rocher

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0364.

American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation
|August 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Acinetobacter peritonitis is a common complication in chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD). Intraperitoneal antibiotics are effective in most cases, often without needing to stop dialysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Pseudomonas species are the most common gram-negative bacilli in chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD) peritonitis.
  • Acinetobacter species are nearly as frequent, representing the second most common gram-negative peritonitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence, timing, and treatment outcomes of Acinetobacter peritonitis (AP) in patients undergoing CPD.
  • To determine if AP can be treated effectively without interrupting CPD or removing the catheter.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective survey of over 450 patient-years of CPD experience.
  • Analysis of 23 episodes of Acinetobacter peritonitis.
  • Review of treatment protocols and outcomes, including antibiotic regimens and need for catheter removal or CPD interruption.

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Main Results:

  • Acinetobacter peritonitis occurred in 23 episodes, often within 2-3 months after another peritonitis episode or CPD access placement.
  • Intraperitoneal antibiotics were successful in 91% of cases (21/23), with 16 cases treated with aminoglycosides alone.
  • CPD interruption or catheter removal was not required in most successful treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Acinetobacter peritonitis is a significant concern in CPD patients, with a tendency for opportunistic infection following other peritonitis episodes.
  • Intraperitoneal antibiotic therapy is highly effective for AP, allowing for continued CPD in the majority of patients.