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Crenarchaeota, a prominent phylum of Archaea, is remarkable for its ability to thrive in extreme environments characterized by high temperatures and acidity. These microorganisms inhabit sulfuric hot springs, volcanic systems, and submarine hydrothermal vents, where temperatures often exceed 100°C. The unique adaptations of Crenarchaeota not only allow survival under such extreme conditions but also provide insights into the mechanisms of life in primordial Earth-like...
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Archaea, one of the three domains of life, exhibit remarkable diversity and adaptability, thriving in both extreme and moderate environments. Historically, most identified archaea have been classified into two major phyla: Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. However, recent molecular studies have expanded this classification to include three additional phyla: Thaumarchaeota, Nanoarchaeota, and Korarchaeota, each exhibiting unique characteristics and ecological roles.Thaumarchaeota: Mesophiles...
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Hyperthermophilic archaea are a group of extremophiles thriving at temperatures above 80°C, often in hydrothermal vents and volcanic soils where conditions surpass the boiling point of water. At such temperatures, proteins, membranes, and DNA in most organisms degrade, but hyperthermophiles have evolved remarkable adaptations to maintain stability and function.Unique Cellular FeaturesHyperthermophilic membranes are composed of a monolayer of biphytanyl tetraether lipids, which resist...
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Lokiarchaeon is hydrogen dependent.

Filipa L Sousa1, Sinje Neukirchen1, John F Allen2

  • 1Institute of Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.

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|August 31, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The closest known relative of the early eukaryote host, Candidatus Lokiarchaeon, is hydrogen-dependent. This finding supports the hydrogen hypothesis for the origin of eukaryotes, a major evolutionary event.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbial Evolution
  • Origin of Eukaryotes
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The identity of the host organism that acquired the mitochondrion during eukaryote origin is a key question in microbial evolution.
  • Phylogenetic studies suggest the host was an archaeon.
  • Candidatus Lokiarchaeon is the closest known relative to this ancestral host.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the metabolic capabilities of Candidatus Lokiarchaeon.
  • To determine if Candidatus Lokiarchaeon's characteristics align with theories of eukaryote origin, specifically the hydrogen hypothesis.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic analysis of Candidatus Lokiarchaeon.
  • Inference of metabolic pathways and dependencies from genomic data.

Main Results:

  • Genomic evidence indicates that Candidatus Lokiarchaeon is hydrogen-dependent.
  • This dependency is consistent with the predictions of the hydrogen hypothesis for the host lineage.

Conclusions:

  • Candidatus Lokiarchaeon possesses traits consistent with the proposed archaeal host of the mitochondrion.
  • The findings provide genomic support for the hydrogen hypothesis regarding the origin of eukaryotes.