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Updated: Mar 15, 2026
Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Anatomy and Function in Adult Rats
Published on: December 13, 2019
Effect of Body Weight on Echocardiographic Measurements in 19,866 Pure-Bred Cats with or without Heart Disease
J Häggström1, Å O Andersson2, T Falk3
1Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. Jens.Haggstrom@slu.se.
Insights
Body weight significantly impacts feline echocardiographic dimensions. New body weight-based prediction intervals can improve screening for heart disease in cats.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Cardiology
- Comparative Physiology
Background:
- Echocardiography is a cost-effective method for feline heart disease screening.
- Current reference intervals for feline cardiac dimensions do not incorporate body weight (BW).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the influence of BW on heart rate (HR), aortic (Ao), left atrial (LA), and left ventricular (LV) dimensions in cats.
- To establish 95% prediction intervals for these variables in normal adult pure-bred cats.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of clinical data from 19,866 pure-bred cats screened between 1999 and 2014.
- Assessment of associations between BW, HR, and cardiac dimensions using univariate linear models and allometric scaling.
- Creation of prediction intervals based on 95% confidence intervals from regression curves.
Main Results:
- All measured cardiac dimensions (Ao, LV, LA) increased with BW, best described by allometric scaling (P<0.001).
- BW showed the strongest associations with Ao, LV end-diastolic, LA dimensions, and LV free wall thickness.
- HR decreased with increasing BW (P<0.001), while the LA:Ao ratio increased (P<0.001).
Conclusions:
- Body weight exerts a clinically significant effect on echocardiographic measurements in cats.
- BW-adjusted 95% prediction intervals can enhance the accuracy of feline heart disease screening.
Background:
Echocardiography is a cost-efficient method to screen cats for presence of heart disease. Current reference intervals for feline cardiac dimensions do not account for body weight (BW).
Objective:
To study the effect of BW on heart rate (HR), aortic (Ao), left atrial (LA) and ventricular (LV) linear dimensions in cats, and to calculate 95% prediction intervals for these variables in normal adult pure-bred cats.
Animals:
19 866 pure-bred cats.
Methods:
Clinical data from heart screens conducted between 1999 and 2014 were included. Associations between BW, HR, and cardiac dimensions were assessed using univariate linear models and allometric scaling, including all cats, and only those considered normal, respectively. Prediction intervals were created using 95% confidence intervals obtained from regression curves.
Results:
Associations between BW and echocardiographic dimensions were best described by allometric scaling, and all dimensions increased with increasing BW (all P<0.001). Strongest associations were found between BW and Ao, LV end diastolic, LA dimensions, and thickness of LV free wall. Weak linear associations were found between BW and HR and left atrial to aortic ratio (LA:Ao), for which HR decreased with increasing BW (P<0.001), and LA:Ao increased with increasing BW (P<0.001). Marginal differences were found for prediction formulas and prediction intervals when the dataset included all cats versus only those considered normal.
Conclusions And Importance:
BW had a clinically relevant effect on echocardiographic dimensions in cats, and BW based 95% prediction intervals may help in screening cats for heart disease.
