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Phase I biotransformation reductive reactions are chemical processes that modify drugs by introducing or revealing polar functional groups via reduction. Enzymes called reductases catalyze these reactions, playing a pivotal role in drug metabolism by transforming lipophilic drugs into more polar, water-soluble metabolites for easy excretion. An essential type of reductive reaction is the carbonyl group reduction, where aldehydes and ketones are reduced to alcohols. An example is the...
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Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Couplings.

Xuan Wang1, Yijing Dai1, Hegui Gong2,3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Center for Supramolecular Materials and Catalysis, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.

Topics in Current Chemistry (Cham)
|August 31, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions enable efficient carbon-carbon bond formation. This review highlights advancements in alkylation, arylation, vinylation, and acylation of alkyl electrophiles, including CO2 fixation.

Keywords:
ElectrophilesNickel catalysisReductive couplingSelectivity

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling is a powerful method for C-C bond formation.
  • Recent advancements have expanded its scope and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent progress in Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions involving alkyl electrophiles.
  • To discuss chemoselectivity, reactivity, and mechanistic aspects.
  • To cover CO2 fixation, asymmetric C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond formation, and allylic carbonylation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling.
  • Analysis of mechanistic pathways and reaction conditions.
  • Discussion of chemoselectivity and substrate scope.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in Ni-catalyzed alkylation, arylation/vinylation, and acylation of alkyl electrophiles.
  • Detailed insights into chemoselectivity and reactivity under various Ni-catalyzed conditions.
  • Overview of CO2 fixation and asymmetric C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond formation strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling offers versatile strategies for C-C bond construction.
  • Understanding mechanistic details is crucial for optimizing reaction outcomes.
  • Emerging applications include CO2 utilization and asymmetric synthesis.