Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Symbiosis

Symbiosis

Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Inducing physiological polarity and performing gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 in human trophoblast organoids.

Nature protocols·2026

Same author

No-known-vector flaviviruses exhibit diverse replication and virulence phenotypes in mice.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Constitutive interferon epsilon expression shapes antiviral epithelial states in the female reproductive tract and intestine.

mBio·2026

Same author

Perinatal transmission of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi:</i> advancing scientific and clinical understanding of Lyme disease in pregnancy.

Frontiers in medicine·2026

Same author

Humoral correlates of protection in a mouse model of echovirus infection.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026

Same author

Type I and Type III Interferons Differentially Shape Antiviral Defense and Epithelial Integrity at the Choroid Plexus.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons

Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons

Published on: August 23, 2016

Zika virus - reigniting the TORCH.

Carolyn B Coyne¹, Helen M Lazear²

¹Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, USA; and the Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.

Nature Reviews. Microbiology

|August 31, 2016

Summary

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnancy causes fetal microcephaly. Researchers suggest ZIKV, like TORCH pathogens, can transmit to the fetus, necessitating updated research and public health strategies.

More Related Videos

Multiplexed Isothermal Amplification Based Diagnostic Platform to Detect Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue 1

Multiplexed Isothermal Amplification Based Diagnostic Platform to Detect Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue 1

Published on: March 13, 2018

Vector Competence Analyses on Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes using Zika Virus

Vector Competence Analyses on Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes using Zika Virus

Published on: May 31, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons

Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons

Published on: August 23, 2016

Multiplexed Isothermal Amplification Based Diagnostic Platform to Detect Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue 1

Multiplexed Isothermal Amplification Based Diagnostic Platform to Detect Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue 1

Published on: March 13, 2018

Vector Competence Analyses on Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes using Zika Virus

Vector Competence Analyses on Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes using Zika Virus

Published on: May 31, 2020

Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Infectious Diseases
Developmental Biology

Background:

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is linked to fetal microcephaly.
Understanding vertical transmission of pathogens is crucial for congenital disease prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

To review human placental structure and cellular composition.
To examine mechanisms of fetal compartment access by TORCH pathogens.
To evaluate ZIKV pathogenesis in the context of congenital infections.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on placental biology.
Analysis of ZIKV pathogenesis and associated developmental defects.
Comparison of ZIKV transmission with TORCH pathogen pathways.

Main Results:

The human placenta's structure and cellular makeup influence pathogen transmission.
TORCH pathogens utilize specific mechanisms to reach the fetal compartment.
ZIKV infection leads to developmental defects similar to other TORCH infections.

Conclusions:

Zika virus (ZIKV) should be classified as a TORCH pathogen.
Future research and public health initiatives should incorporate ZIKV within the TORCH framework.
Effective strategies are needed to mitigate congenital defects caused by ZIKV.