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Healthy human gut phageome.

Pilar Manrique1, Benjamin Bolduc2, Seth T Walk1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717;

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 31, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Scientists discovered a core group of 23 bacteriophages shared by over half of healthy individuals globally. This healthy gut phageome (HGP) appears diminished in those with gastrointestinal diseases, suggesting its importance for gut health.

Keywords:
gut microbiome bacteriophagegut microbiome viruseshuman gut viral metagenomeshared microbiome viruses

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Human Microbiome Research
  • Virology

Background:

  • The composition and function of the human gut microbiome are influenced by bacteriophages, but the specific role in healthy individuals remains largely unknown.
  • Previous research indicated significant variability in bacteriophage communities among healthy people, hindering identification of a shared phageome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize the shared bacteriophage community, or phageome, in healthy humans.
  • To investigate the presence of shared bacteriophages in individuals with gastrointestinal/irritable bowel disease compared to healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of deep DNA sequencing data from active bacteriophages.
  • Examination of existing metagenomic datasets of gut bacteriophage communities from healthy individuals worldwide.
  • Network analysis to identify bacteriophage groups and their prevalence.

Main Results:

  • Identified 23 core bacteriophages present in over 50% of 64 healthy individuals analyzed.
  • Observed a significantly lower prevalence of these shared bacteriophages in individuals with gastrointestinal/irritable bowel disease.
  • Network analysis revealed 9 (20%) bacteriophage groups shared by more than half of the individuals studied.

Conclusions:

  • Provided strong evidence for a globally distributed healthy gut phageome (HGP) in humans, composed of core and common bacteriophage communities.
  • The HGP likely plays a crucial role in maintaining the structure and function of the gut microbiome.
  • Disruptions in the HGP may be associated with gastrointestinal health conditions.